Childrens functional health pattern Essay

Anemia due to inadequate iron intake, from lack of breast milk and iron fortified formula. 2. Picky eaters. 3. Dental problems due to sleeping with bottle filled with milk or juice. 4. Food being used as a reward or punishment leading to poor concepts of eating. 1. Increased occurrences of food or environmental allergies. 2. Poor dental hygiene can affect appetite and lead to difficulty chewing. 3. Poor nutritional choices of foods offered to children. 1. Dietary guild lines. 2. Weight gain and obesity leading to hypertension and risk for type two diabetes. Pattern of Elimination: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. 1. Toilet training usually begins at 18 months. 2. Regular schedule for BM develops. 3. Realization of not liking the sensation of being wet or dirty and wanting to be changed. 1. Forgetting to wash hands after using the bathroom. 2. Forgetting to flush the toilet. 3. May still have occasional accidents. 1. Urinating 6-8 times per day. 2. BM 1-2 times per day. 3. Full bladder control at the age of 5. 1. Potential for delays with toilet training. 2. Potential for regression. 3. Potential for using toilet training as a means for control. 1. Positive reinforcement and encouragement aids in the success of mastering independent elimination. 2. Avoid teasing, punishing or making an issue of â€Å"accidents† with elimination. 1. Nocturnal enuresis or bed wetting. 2. Diurnal enuresis or involuntary urination during the day. Pattern of Activity and Exercise: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. 1. Always in motions a whirl of movement. 2. Parallel play. 1. Play is the primary activity. 2. Plays in a group setting. 3. Can cut and paste and hold a pencil with control. 1. Peer play. 2. Organized team sports. 3. The development of gross and fine motor skills.

“Auto Wreck”- by Kart Shapiro Essay

In â€Å"Auto Wreck†, as the title insinuates it, is a situation that describes a car accident that takes place in a city, which means, that an ambulance, a hospital, the police, and the crowd are the main actors when death is about to strike. In the development of the poem, Shapiro describes the atmosphere that surrounds a city at night when there is a car accident; Blood all over the streets and gutters, the police covering the situation and the crowd observing the tragic accident, recalling death as enemy. In a very interesting way, Shapiro describes the hurry, horror, and in a certain way, indifference of society towards an â€Å"auto wreck†, idealizing a space were these actors interact with one another creating a hostile atmosphere regarding death. In â€Å"Mid-term break†, the speaker is a boy that is at school in his daily routine, when it is interrupted by the news of his dead brother. The situation takes place in two atmospheres; the kid’s school were he heard the knelling bells that gives a feeling of mortality and his house were all the action takes place; the family’s grief, the funeral, the adults whispering and saying sorry, the ambulance, the four foot box, and the candles. An afternoon of sorrow and pain on a family environment, were death is perpetually present. Yet no one fully understands death. In Shapiro’s poem â€Å"Auto Wreck,† he  illustrates the irrationality of life for it can be taken away at any given time for no rational reason. He uses a car accident to finely detail the reaction of society towards death and the real meaning that it represents to us. During the poem, he describes how a well established system that is made of ambulances, hospitals, police men and viewers, works at its given time to strike death. But despite all the efforts and effectiveness of the system, people themselves are incapable of understanding death and its dualities (cancer that is both a flower that blooms and a tragic disease.) Society is scared and ignorant when it comes to death. Questions such as â€Å"Who shall die?† or â€Å"Who is innocent?† come to mind with no reasonable answer every time we witness a tragic event. For Shapiro, In  death, there exists firmly irrational causes for the loss of life. Death is a strange jungle, whose twisted, complicated and entangled vines represent the causes of it which can not be mapped out mathematically, but can be mapped out by the deranged explorer or the unique creator of that jungle, both of whom are irrational persons themselves. In Mid-term Break, Heaney starts the poem by mentioning the â€Å"bells knelling† that suggests a funeral bell, rather than a bell for school lessons (this fact automatically changes our mood). Since the narrator is a boy, this poem captures his unfolding consciousness of death by recounting the particulars of his experience; being kept in the sick bay until his ride arrived, his father’s crying, the awkward behavior of the old men, the â€Å"poppy bruise† on the corpse’s temple and the end, when he expresses death’s finality: â€Å"A four foot box, a foot for every year.† Makes us think yonger ones are able to understand death better than adults, with a unique calmness he observed and described the situation from a different point of view, the mourning of the people around him never affected him, in a certain way,he was assuming death as he assumes life. Figures of speech Definition Auto Wreck Mid-Term Break Alliteration The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables. † Its quick soft silver bell beating, beating,† A four foot box, a foot for every year† Onomatopoeia The formation or use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. â€Å"Then the bell, breaking the hush, tolls once† Hyperbole A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect. â€Å"The ambulance at top speed floating down† â€Å"And stowed into the little hospital† â€Å"One with a bucket, douches, ponds of blood into the street and the gutter† â€Å"I sat all morning in the college sick bay† Simile A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as. â€Å"Pulsing out red light like an artery,† â€Å"Our throats tight as tourniquets† â€Å"Cancer simple as a flower, blooms† â€Å"He lay in the four foot box as in his cot.† Oxymoron A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined. â€Å"Its quick soft silver† â€Å"Wings in s heavy curve, dips down,† â€Å"And breaks speed, entering the crowd.† â€Å"We speak with sickly smiles† â€Å"The grim joke† † The door leap open, emptying light† â€Å"In hers and coughed out angry tearless sights† â€Å"Snowdrops and candles soothed the beside† â€Å"Wearing a poppy bruise on his left temple† Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. â€Å"And down the dark one ruby flare Pulsing out red light like an artery.† â€Å"One hangs lanterns on the wrecks that cling Emptying husks of locusts, to iron poles.† † A four foot box, a foot for every year† â€Å"Counting bells knelling classes to a close† Rhetorical question A question to which no answer is expected, often used for rhetorical effect. Who shall die? Who is innocent? â€Å"Our throats were tight as tourniquets, Our feet were bound with splints,† In this quote, Shapiro is trying to sketch an image of people in front of a car accident with tourniquets around their necks, supported and confined by splits that restrain the body from moving. this kind of image represents a situation were the crowd were stopped, almost speechless, as they gazed upon the wreckage contemplating the reason behind death. A shocking image by the way. â€Å"And cancer simple as a flower, blooms† By this quote Shapiro is making a comparison of what we understand as life and what we know about death. When a flower blooms, it is clearly full of life, is a stage were life can be seen at is best. And cancer will be the opposite, a stage were death is at is best. The thing is that, visually, both phenomenons are very similar, when the cancerous cells are seen with a microscope, they look like flowers, and they bloom rapidly. The thing is that we are not used to consider cancerous cells beautiful. â€Å"In hers and coughed out angry tearless sighs† This image is quite effective; with the use of textures, Heaney can make you can feel the mother’s anger just by imagining the air around you. â€Å"Snowdrops and candles soothed the bedside† This image Heaney uses two key elements that generate a tranquil and peaceful atmosphere, the snowdrops are soft and quiet, innocent and inoffensive and the candles symbolize the ritual, to make honor and to remember a loved one. Definitely a peaceful image. â€Å"Wearing a poppy bruise on his left temple† The image is pure, the bruise is discrete. A four foot box, a foot for every year† By this quote, the boy is saying that his brother was four years old when he died, the image gives a certain relief, instead of crying for his brother, he uses his mind to analyze mathematically the situation. This image is very effective, it immediately make us feel that death is not chaos. The child’s reaction towards death is completely different from the adult reaction towards it. The boy was describing the situation with a certain indifference of what happened, it seemed like the aura of death was unable to enter to his mind and body. He narrated as he was seated on a grandstand watching how the play developed and how the actor suffer during it According to his behavior, we could conclude that the boy wasn’t hit by death, and in a certain way, he is able to manage it in a right way, determining the rituals and behaviors of adults when death is around, and creating a barrier that separates de morning of the heart from the logic of the brain. And this can be seen at the end of the poem: † A four foot box, a foot for every year† he uses his logic, a math problem, no a heart one.

John Wisdom – Gods

Wisdom claims that religions are revealing of the present world, even if they are often referring to what lies beyond this life and our senses. Regardless of the differences a believer and a none believer have, or do not have, towards an afterlife or a life beyond the one they live now, the differences between the beliefs an atheist holds and those that a theist holds are not confined to how they live their lives or face death, for there are also differences in how they view life presently.The truth or falsity of what atheists and theists believe about life has been debated time and time again. John Wisdom is of the belief that religious beliefs are susceptible to factors that rely on how things are in the world, and how one views and interprets these things. This includes a belief in God. Wisdom begins with the claim that the existence of God is no longer an experimental issue as it once was, and he accounts for this with the further claim that this is due to the fact that we now ha ve a better knowledge of why and how things happen as they do.It should be acknowledged, however, that there is, of course, some persistence of this element, which can be demonstrated by the phenomenon of people praying; it is often the case that people pray for others and actually get a sense of helping from this. Wisdom chalks this up to there still being mystery surrounding how humans work. For example, one can never know what another human will do next so expecting a prayer to make a difference [to a person] is not so definite a thing as believing in its mechanical efficiency (185).Despite theists and atheists having difference views as to the facts of the world, this difference is not the kind that can be settled by an experiment. He adds that a belief in God will give a person a different attitude and approach to life and death; it is this belief that can make a person not fearful of death. While atheists and theists have a difference in their expectations of a world to come, an afterlife, their differences are not constrained to only this. They also differ as to the facts of this present life, and the existence (or non-existence) of another world that is now, just beyond our senses.He answers this with an analogy of other minds, which he claims we can reasonably confirm because the existence of other minds explains why certain things behave the way they do, all by themselves. This existence of other minds answers Wisdom’s first question about the reasonableness of belief in divine minds, by giving evidence that there is behaviour which gives reason to believe in any sort of mind. One can then examine if their are other mind-patterns in nature that cannot be explained by human and animal mind-patterns, which we can easily detect empirically, and if these are super-human.Then, one must ask if these things are sufficiently striking to even be called mind-patterns. He states that behaviour similar or superior to human behaviour is considered to be mi nd proving. Wisdom concludes that this distinction seems to be an issue of the application of a name. He attempts to show how the line between a question of fact and the mere application of a name is not so distinct, as the application of a name can be based on many things, such as what we have noticed about or our feelings towards that certain thing. Oftentimes, even when there is agreement on the facts, there is still argument as to the conclusion.Here, Wisdom shows how a claim such as the existence of God can begin as experimental but gradually change completely through the use of his gardener analogy. This analogy goes like this: two people return to their long neglected garden to find that there are plants and flowers growing among the weeds. One believes a gardener has been tending to the plants but the other does not. They inquire around only to discover that no one has seen any gardener come by, so they do a careful re-examination of the garden, at the end of which they stil l disagree.Wisdom claims that, here, the argument is no longer experimental since it is now a matter of their different attitudes towards the garden; they both examined all the same fact, one does not know or expect something the other does not, and yet they still do not come to the same conclusion. But how can there still be a question when all the facts are known? It is now a matter of how each person interprets the facts they have been given. Each person can try to help the other to see what they see by drawing attention to certain patterns in these facts, by drawing attention to features that may have been overlooked or by connecting the facts in pecific ways. The people in the garden analogy must weigh the cumulative effect of many factors. As in the case of settling an argument over whether or not a certain thing is beautiful, it involves a lot of re-examining, re-looking, re-stating and re-describing. This can also be determined through the connecting technique, a technique w hich involves pointing out likenesses and connections a thing has with something else in order to convince another of one’s way of thinking. One can point out things that one is or is not influenced by, or what they should or should not be influences by to demonstrate misconnections in another’s thinking.Wisdom is saying that differences in belief are no more subjective than are differences as to whether a thing is beautiful or not. This explains the essence of religion, according to Wisdom, as some belief as to what the world is like. Thus, he concludes that when a difference in belief in the existence of God is not experimental, it is therefore not based on solid facts, which means that one cannot just assume the right or wrong about it. But now, what should happen when one inquires in this way into the reasonableness of the belief in gods? Wisdom says a â€Å"double and opposite phased change†.The first phase of the change is to show a connection that favours the theist, but the second is to show a connection that favours the atheist. In other words, reveal a source for belief, but then show why that source proves to be an unexpected reason for it. For example, Wisdom uses Freud’s theories as a basis for rejecting God as an subconscious, infantile projection, but then rediscovers God as a presence in that subconscious and the source of such projections. This proves, according to Wisdom, that atheists and theists differ as to the fact of psychoanalysis.However, this seems to a slightly contradictory to Wisdom’s claim that belief in God is not fact based because it is not experimental. It seems that this, in fact, would make it a difference of facts, not just a differences of attitudes, since psychological statements are statements of scientific fact. Psychology is a science, which is based on experiments to reveal truths, so if an atheist and a theist differ as to the fact of psychoanalysis, the reasonableness of the belief of God would not be somewhat subjective, as Wisdom says, but more fact-based.Wisdom believes that religious beliefs are completely susceptible to logical and empirical criticisms. Everything one believes, or does not believe, about the existence of God is attitudinal and experience-based; the way one interprets the things that see, discover, or hear is what leads to their unique beliefs. To discuss the truth or falsity of atheist or theist views is almost as arbitrary and discussing whether or not a certain thing is beautiful, for each person is going to have interpreted that certain thing differently and therefore have a specific attitude toward it. Bibliography Wisdom, John. â€Å"Gods†. 1944.

Essay about readings Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About readings - Essay Example I always use to use my beloved site for at least 2 to 3 hours a day that comprises various activities of my interest. The most amazing thing about Facebook is that I am getting tremendous knowledge about the events going on around me as current affairs. I am not a big fan of politics. However, when I see funny side of politics shared by my friends, I start taking interest in politics naturally. I visit the posts of my friends to get some information about the general events or other technological advances. It has helped me a great deal in enhancing my knowledge and horizon. My association with Facebook was very similar to the attachment of (Gathman) with cell phones. His emotions were totally integrated with his phone that he loved so much. He discovered all the aspects of the phone to find out its versatility. He explained his association with the mobile in terms of calls, texts and other purposes. Same is the case with me and Facebook. I want to explore every bit of it. I keep searching for various entertainment, informative, and technological set ups on this social media. Facebook has some kind of psychological connection with me. Whenever, I get five minutes free from my classes, I use to open my beloved site from my mobile. I am very thankful to the university to provide the Wi-Fi internet service throughout the college that allows me to use the social media wherever I go in the campus. It is very easy to open the ‘Home’ page and start navigating from top to bottom. It’s a great feeling whenever the theme of Facebook appears in front of my eyes. It gives me feelings of satisfaction and removes my boredom. Visiting Facebook regularly has become the part and parcel of my daily activities. It feels like something is missing when I don’t visit my social media for some hours. Some kind of chasm starts appearing in the mind as I get far from my mobile phone for some

Propaganda in the first and second world wars Research Paper

Propaganda in the first and second world wars - Research Paper Example Governments manage to design propaganda through lying, telling partial truth or exaggerating issues at hand. Governments use propaganda for various reasons during wars, but the bottom in the use of propaganda is to have a competitive advantage over their enemies and win the support of their citizens. Propaganda in the first and second world wars Introduction In the book, Propaganda and Persuasion, propaganda is defined as "a deliberate and systematic attempt that aims at shaping perceptions, manipulating cognition, as well as directing behavior with the ultimate aim of achieving a response, which portrays the intention of the propagandist" (Jowett & O'Donnell, 2011). The main aim in the use of propaganda is make the respondent to act, agree or get along and assist in adopting certain policies. The use of propaganda in times war can be dated back to 1622 when Pope Gregory XV applied this technique to calm religious wars in Alsace, Bohemia, and Palatinate. Therefore, the use of propaga nda appeared as the only solution, which would fight down effects of Protestant reformation (Finch, 2000). After the successful use of propaganda during the reign of Pope Gregory XV, propaganda later gained popularity in wars experienced in the nineteenth century. In the first and second world wars, the main practitioners of propaganda were the American and British governments. An American political scientist (Harold Lasswell) published a book that strongly supported the use of propaganda by American despite America’s denial in the use of this technique. Lasswell and his fellow political scientists gave a clear documentation on propaganda, which was even used by the Germans in the 1930s to acquit themselves with skills on the use of propaganda (Finch, 2000). Lasswell's publication pointed out that the application of propaganda during war times was "neither ominous nor insidious." The publication further pointed out that propaganda had become part and parcel of weapons used du ring wars, and it would remain as a component of wars forever. Lasswell referred propaganda as an act that encompasses the managing attitudes and opinions by directly altering social suggestion, as opposed to changing other conditions either in the environment or in the organism (Finch, 2000). The Americans and the Britons hesitated in accepting the use of propaganda as a legitimate tool in the first and second world wars. However, a British journalist by the name Beatrice Leeds pointed out that propaganda became acceptable the moment Russia got into war with Germany. The governments allied to Russia accepted that the use of propaganda would serve a fabulous deal in fighting the Germans (Marquis, 2009). One notable thing in democratic nations was the dismantling of departments of information. This was due to the perception that information/mass media played a significant role in the spread of propaganda. However, in America, the case was different due to the introduction of an Act t hat supported the introduction of a propaganda radio network. This network was the "Voice of America", which was assigned the responsibility of transmitting pro-American, democratic opinions across the world without mentioning propaganda. After the First World War, America, Britain, Germany, and the Soviet Union became serious debaters of the impacts of influencing their citizens' opinions through propaganda. In Germany, numerous research laboratories were set to study the

Descriptive or Inferential Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Descriptive or Inferential Statistics - Essay Example It is hard to find private school teachers and keep them, since twice as many change schools. Catholic school teachers are also paid 25 to 40 percent less than public school teachers (paras. 16 and 20). These statistics support the argument that Catholic schools are not the answer for every child. Later on the author cites a series of statistics about how parents are applying for vouchers and scholarships. Scholarships support 14,000 students nationwide and the waiting list is 40,000 (para. 29). This is really amazing and supports the point that parents would choose private schools for their children if they could afford the tuition. The statistic only shows that 40,000 parents would prefer that their kids attend private school, and the article does not say what percent that group is out of the 49 million total children. Overall, the statistics presented in this article are interesting but not really related to the main point. A reader would have to trust the source in order to be convinced by the argument, or would have to trust the interviewee’s comments more than statistics. As far as statistics go, so few are in the article that they do not really help make the

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global warming - Research Paper Example All these have contributed to increased production which threatens the environment. In a study released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (as qtd. in Kim et al. 64), scientists are one in saying that the world must take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but achieving this will cost a lot for the global economy. The estimated cost will be about 500 to 550 parts per million (ppm) carbon dioxide (CO2) which, when converted to the global GDP, is approximately 5%. The IPCC estimated that by 2050, the global mitigation toward stabilization is â€Å"between 1% gain and 5.5% decrease of global GDP† (qtd. in Kim et al. 64). Globalization has negative effects. Standardization and adaptation result in the choice of countless products. Markets are integrated and widened. The result is a unified spectrum of consumerism, multiple products invading supermarkets and retailers that are competing for the best. The world needs to create a green environment, an atmosphere f ree of the pollutants to control sea temperatures and protect the ecosystem and the ozone layer. The world’s program of activities has worsened the dim scenario. We depend much on fossil fuel as eighty percent of energy comes from fossil fuels. Our dependence on fossil fuel and coal as energy source exacerbates the situation. This essay will focus on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) produced by vehicles and non-moving structures like plants and industries as one of the causes of global warming. First, definitions and concepts of global warming are provided and will be followed by a discussion on gas emissions of vehicles and industries. Literature Review The Earth’s ecosystem, to include the forests, fisheries, wetland and fresh water resources, are about to lose significance to human existence. Global warming and climate change must be given attention by policy makers. Business and organizations should focus on sustainable and green environment. Air pollutants are incre asing because of our use of fossil fuels for energy, continuous deforestration, and industries increase greenhouse gases that produce the greenhouse effect. GHGs trapped in the atmosphere exacerbate the greenhouse effect directly as they interact with radiation, but indirect effects are produced in the form of chemical transformations and when gases are mixed with other gases. A gas can affect cloud formations and atmospheric processes that affect the radioactive balance of the earth. Other gases like â€Å"carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), indirectly affect land and/or solar radiation absorption, because they share in the formation of substances in the atmosphere with a climate change impact† (Giuffre and Grana 67). Concepts on Global warming Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas as it is released and stay concentrated in the atmosphere. It constitutes about 77% of the produced global greenhouse gas emissions. This concentration in the atmosphere creates global warming, which in turn creates the ozone hole. The ozone hole is caused by global warming and not the other way around. Reducing CO2 is the best way to reduce global warming (qtd. in Reinfried et al. 156). Other gases that trap heat in the atmosphere include methane (CH4),

Growth MatrixWestinghouse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Growth MatrixWestinghouse - Essay Example First, it is important for the company to consider its cost of products and services. A drastic reduction in prices of similar goods and services is sure to yield massive impact because of prevailing economic situation. It is common knowledge that economic hardship presently prevails in most economies where Westinghouse has offices. To this end, any move to make customers save little monies would be highly appreciated by them. Secondly, it is important to focus on customer satisfaction. The reason why this cannot be overlooked is that the competitive advantage that needs to be built will be built mainly to attract customers. If these customers are given services that make them satisfied then surely their first option among existing companies is going to be Westinghouse. Unlike market penetration, market development has to do with the creation of new market. This may be quite costly for Westinghouse as compared to the penetration of existing markets. However, this has its own merits. For instance after studying the prevailing market for a while, the creation of new market gives marketers the opportunity introduce new line of products that meet the demands of customers. The challenge however has to do with the cost of starting the business and market research analysis to identify new customers. On the introduction of new line of products and services, Westinghouse as a multi-purpose company may have greater advantage. It is important however to go about this with a common strategy that has to do with the integration of advanced technology. Looking at the fact that the line of products of Westinghouse has to do with electronics, the introduction of new line of products that integrate modern and advanced technology would score lots of points for the co mpany (Business Ball, 2012). For example it is common knowledge that the ordinary user of a tape recorder would today want a technological advancement that features the use of a USB port that will make

MKTG 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

MKTG 3000 - Essay Example This had been Dell’s main value proposition. This had been the reason why Dell had experienced so much success over fierce and well settled rivals such as IBM and Compaq. With Dell, customers can customize their own computer systems, and there is no minimum order that needs to be placed for that. Every personal computer can be fully customized based on memory size, processor speed, screen size, battery type, and so on. This gives the customer a great deal of flexibility in choosing his/her computer and does not need to settle only for what the company offers. This, indirectly, also has another major benefit to the customer. The Just in Time (JIT) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems used by the company help it to achieve extremely low lead times and low costs. As there are no intermediaries between the manufacturer and customer, Dell can easily charge a lower price to the customer. These benefits result in great customer satisfaction and are the main reasons why customers choose Dell over its

Client and Policy Failure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Client and Policy Failure - Assignment Example By doing so; I will able to cater for the interests of my clients who are affected negatively by the policy on basements and city building codes. My responsibility is to assist clients obtain affordable housing that are safe and habitable, as opposed to expensive houses that lead to people living in the streets. Thus, the clients’ get affordable housing and the city remain free of homeless people. The action-forcing event that triggered the study was the numerous complaints made by New York residents, demanding that action to be taken concerning illegal and unsafe apartments. These individuals are taxpayers being forced out of their homes, and owners of basement apartments being asked to dismantle their rental units, as in the case of Rakha and Mahbub who were asked to pay a penalty of $1,200, after spending more than $4,000 upgrading a cellar apartment of their home in Queens. In addition, the supporters of legalization of basement apartments such as Jerilyn Perine, a former city housing commissioner, and current Executive Director of the research group Citizens Housing and Planning Council claim that the issue of basement housing and other illegal houses has to be dealt with, as well as the allowance of a better city planning strategies. This is in relation to the words uttered by the City Councilman Brad Lander who said he was outlining legislation in favor of the â€Å"a ccessory† housing units, and building code standards for them. The actual policy targeted for reform is the New York City Building or the Housing Maintenance Code, (ARTICLE 5- Occupancy of Cellars and Basements). That states that basements, cellars, and â€Å"granny flats,† should not be rented or occupied due to health and safety measures. What policy options exist for Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Janice L. Jacobs to decrease employment visa fraud committed by U.S. based high-tech companies in response to the recent discovery of visa fraud committed by

Micro economics extra credit Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Micro economics extra credit - Coursework Example There are various concepts that explain microeconomics in the case of Mr Shea, who faced an eviction notice after renting his terrace to a visitor who turned out to be a private investigator (OTTERMAN page 1-2). Consumer protection This concept refers to the assurance of quality and safety in the products the consumers purchase and consume. Trusting the producers makes the economy flourish. In the case of Mr Shea, he provides room for visitors at cheap prices and there is no assurance of protection and safety (OTTERMAN page 1-2). When one of the visitors arrives , Mr Shea smuggles the visitors’ language using a laundry cart to avoid attention from the neighbors or the co-op board (OTTERMAN page 1-2). He goes to the extent of asking the visitor to identify himself as a friend to Mr Shea in case anyone asked. The internet communication from the visitors to private hosts is not an assurance of safety since some of the hosts may take advantage of the situation to make money out of the visitors (OTTERMAN page 1-2) Demand Demand refers to the extent at which a good or service is needed in the market. Demand not only refers to the quantity but also to the demand curve of a product. This traces the degree at which a good or service is demanded at different prices. ... This was to ensure to the quality of the rooms thus attract many visitors (OTTERMAN page 1-2). Profits Profits refer to the earning of returns by the capitalists through their efforts in the provision of their inputs. The capitalists are willing to go through denial of self gratification to invest some of their resources in fruitful activities (OTTERMAN page 1-2). Profits occur as a result of taking risks by different investors. The investments yield profits while others don’t. David Shea and the co-op board of affordable development rent out terrace to earn profits (OTTERMAN page 1-2). Mr Shea estimated a reasonable number of fifty visitors between 2011 and 2012 making an income of $6,000 which served as his profits because there was no taxation. Mr Shea goes against the rules of the co-op board which prohibits sub renting for profits even though David Shea says he was unaware of the rule (OTTERMAN page 1-2). Receiving anything of value from the invitee, occupant or the guest in exchange of habitation, whether it is permanent or temporary is not curable since it is fraud and profiteering. . Hosts present for the visitors added up to fifteen thousand thus losing millions in the hotel occupancy taxes (OTTERMAN page 1-2). Producers A producer refers to a person creating and supplying goods or services to potential consumers (OTTERMAN page 1-2). The producers combine the labor and capital which are factors of production. When a producer offers their services to the consumers, they get a reward, in this case a profit. Mr Shea offers services to his guests through the renting of terrace to guests at affordable prices (OTTERMAN page 1-2). The idea of renting came about when a therapist suggested to David

Personal Development in Health Essay Example for Free

Personal Development in Health Essay Outcome 1: Understand what is required for competence in own work role Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role. On a day to day basis the daily jobs are as follows: Daily weekly jobs Am Check money tins Visual check of home and exterior Support clients in Breakfast Support Clients in getting up and showering if needed Medication at 9am Handover form Early to Mid shift if needed Support clients in their jobs Own administration jobs to be completed throughout day inc SWIMS, Time Sheets, Emails, objectives, my way forward etc. Link working with clients Answer phone, and complete anything as it comes in Prepare lunch and dinner Medication at 1pm Handover to PM staff at 2pm as long as is needed PM need to check money tins Check jobs and clean etc if needed Support clients as needed 4.45 medication before M shift goes 5.30 evening meal is served Any PM specific cleaning jobs 9pm Sleep shift comes on with Handover 9.30 Evening Medication is given Sleep shift checks fridge and freezer temperatures Sleep specific jobs see cleaning list by microwave Closing checks of Home Assist clients to bed if needed On the wider scale my job is as follows: JOB PURPOSE To provide care and support to individuals residing in a Registered Care Home setting. CLIENT SUPPORT †¢ To actively seek to empower service users to gain and maintain control over all aspects of their lives †¢ To support clients with personal care as detailed in care plans developed by others ensuring they are treated with dignity and respect at all times †¢ To undertake tasks as directed by Senior Registered Support Worker and/or Service Manager †¢ To support clients with laundry activities †¢ To order food for the RCH and/or support clients with shopping †¢ To support and /or accompany clients to collect benefits or other Continues for 9 more pages  » Read full document Full access is free for premium users. Add to Library (0) DownloadPrint Report this Essay Facebook Twitter Google+ Send Rate This Document 4.5 12345 Read full document Full access is free for premium users. Document Details Views: 168 Words: 2433 Related Essays Unit 332 – Engage in p Page 1 – Kathryn Di Terlizzi Unit 332 – Engage in personal development in health, social care 10 Pages October 2013 Engage in Personal Devel Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings. 6 Pages October 2012 Sc32: Engage in Personal SC32: Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s 10 Pages March 2013 SHC 32: Engage in person SHC 32: Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s 6 Pages March 2014 Unit Shc22 Introductio SHC 22 1.1 Describe and explain the duties and responsibilities of your own work role. 7 Pages November 2011

Alice Walkers Short Story Everyday Use English Literature Essay

Alice Walkers Short Story Everyday Use English Literature Essay In Alice Walkers short story Everyday Use, there are many different things that Walker conveys throughout the story all of which deal with the African Americans history and values. The one thing that sticks out the most in the short story is the character of Dee who is developed into a very important character throughout the story. Walker is able to express her essential idea of heritage through Dees attitude, her behavior, and her actions in Everyday Use. Dee is a very unthankful and unappreciative of her history, and in result the reader can develop an understanding of African Americans heritage. Through Dees characteristics shown by her attitude, personality, and actions, Walker in Everyday Use conveys the central idea of heritage in the short story. Dee is an individual that doesnt particularly stick to her true heritage and shows a feeling of embarrassment toward her ancestry, her mom, and her sister. Dee comes across as one that holds herself above her mother and sister especially since she received an education. Nancy Tuten understands Dee as one that wants so badly to go to school to become educated so that she is not seen as stupid, showing that she is not exactly proud of her past. She doesnt appreciate her mother and sister living in the same way they have for years, suggesting an idea of embarrassment toward her past (Tuten). Tuten points out that Dee always attempts to devalue their lifestyle, and seems to have a desire that Mama and Maggie be something that they are not (126). Tuten notes that Mama hates the selfishness that Dee brings to the table, but still wishes to get respect from her daughter. Tuten brings in a source from Lindsey Tucker who suggests that Dee basically carries a white middle-class identity (126). Another valuable piece of information brought in for Tutens article is Valerie Smiths thoughts interpreted by Marianne Hirsch explaining Maggies feelings of embarrassment in front of Dee. Smith points out the part of the story when Mama is interpreting how Maggie will react to Dee and her arrival. Mama supposes that Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe (Walker 108). Hirsch views Maggie as one that seems powerless and pathetic (Tuten 127). All of these aspects that Dee has brought to the table make her appear to the reader that she is under-appreciative of what her heritage has really done for her which leads to the interpretation that she is embarrassed. Dee also goes far enough into her fairytale life and changes her name, attempting to disregard her familys identity, clearly showing her shame for it. Tutens article also points out Hirschs view regarding this change of name in Everyday Use. She understands Mama as one that hasnt shown any frustration toward Dee until this section when Dee cant even keep her name and a portion of her past. Hirsch notes that Walker changes the verb tense in that conversation over her identity change, creating a voice for Mama that has much more power (Tuten). This power is eventually used, says Tuten, to help Mama, affirm her allegiance to Maggie and to assert her emotional freedom from Dee (128). David Cowart also discusses the disloyalty of Dee by changing her name which was passed from generation to generation in their family all the way back and past the Civil War. Cowart views this disloyal action along with her clothes, her hair, her sunglasses, her patronizing speech, and her Black Muslim compa nion as Dee trying to declare a deplorable degree of alienation from her rural origins and family (172). Dee doesnt grasp the idea that her name connects her to her heritage, and by changing that she is seen as trying to disregard where she comes from. Cowart knows Dee as one that has basically detached herself from a nurturing tradition (172). Dee chooses to disengage herself from her ancient name which was passed down in her family for something classier such as Wangero. Her name was also her great-grandmothers name, and by changing it, Dee appears to not have much care for her family. She believes it is much classier, but Helga Hoel notes that the name is distorted from the original reference to a Kikuyu name. Hoel brings in a source from Barbara Christian clarifying that names are extremely important in African and African American culture as a means of indicating a persons spirit (Hoel 37). In conclusion to this remark, Dee can be seen as one that is trying to get rid of her name and heritage which links her to the rest of her family that is a supposed to be a very important part in her life. Hoel declares that Dees identity change of her first and middle name do not even represent one ethnic group, instead it relates to the entire East African area. Hoel notices this mistake and views it as something that shows Dees s uperficial knowledge of Africa and all it stands for (37). This point made contributes to the thought that Dee doesnt appreciate her heritage because she is trying to alter it and doesnt even understand what is truly behind her new one either. Dee wants to take several items in the house to represent her familys ancestry put on display at her house rather than putting them into everyday use. She disconnects herself from her family name, but still believes that she should be able to take many family items to be put on display. Cowart understands Dees desire for the quilts, the churn lid, and the photographs for purposes of display, reminders that she no longer has to live in such a house, care for such a cow, and have daily intercourse with such a mother and sister (175). Donna Haisty Winchell in Cowarts article implies that Dee makes the mistake of believing that ones heritage is something that one puts on display if and when such a display is fashionable (Cowart 175). Dee does not see the wrong to take these items from Mama and Maggie, failing to appreciate their heritage. Instead, Cowart proposes that she, who wants only to preserve that heritage as the negative index to her own sophistication (175). When Dee comes home to visit Mama and Maggie, she takes her share of photos. She takes several shots, those of the cows, Maggie, and of course the house. Whitsitt notes that she photographs everything and frames the image of Maggies and Mamas lifestyle, making it resemble a life she is not a component of. The source from the Bakers in this article says that they know this as Dees fashionably aesthetic distance from southern expediencies, and her framed experience of her heritage (Whitsitt 449). In addition to Dees desire for family items, she also brings along a characteristic of overlooking these possessions and devaluing items such as the quilts which should mean something to her and her heritage. Elaine Showalter notes in Cowarts article that the quilts, fought over by Wangero (Dee) and her mother indicate an ancestry that is much more personal and immediate than the intellectual and deracinated daughter can see (Cowart 179). Quilts are seen as the creative legacy that African Americans have inherited from their maternal ancestors says Barbara Christian in Sam Whitsitts literary critique (Whitsitt 443). The quilts connect women and men and families to their later generations to their past by resembling the tradition and pieces of their past which will be passed to those in the current days (Whitsitt). Cowart says that the quilts illustrate the ancestry that Dee has already abandoned which she now doesnt even share her name with the people in her family whose lives were p ieced together from their old scraps of clothes into quilts (Cowart). Barbara Christian in Cowarts article remarks that the heritage in the eyes of Maggie and Mama is depended on by living a tradition. The quilting and butter churning along with their developed nags for it are passed down from each generation in their family. She believes that Mama and Maggie should continue to be put these items into everyday use as they continue to keep up the trend in doing everything and living the tradition. Maggie is the one that can quilt, and if Dee is the one that gets the quilt, then the tradition along with the learned skills will stop and discontinue throughout the family tree (Cowart). Whitsitt also notices a verb tense after Dee announces her identity change which he believes gives Mamas voice more power along with creating an invisible frame that sets apart Dee from Mama and Maggie and their lifestyle. When Mama changes tenses to gain more authority after Dee tells her of her identity change, Whitsitt believes that Mama is then starting to be framed with Mama outside with a different view on lifestyle and the familys heritage (Whitsitt). In the story the reader views Mamas excitement of Dee coming home as her ready to enjoy time being spent with her daughter. She understands that she has left to become educated and changed her lifestyle which partly results in their different views on everything. Whitsitt brings in a quote from Hirsch, who notices the discrepancy of the two but says that Mama does a great job of making her decisions by herself and not changing her values of her heritage like her daughter did. He says that she has an ability to maintain a distance from Dee without visibly rejecting her (Whitsitt 451). When Dee introduces her identity change, Whitsitt notices this verb shift as Tuten did and recognizes it as Mamas epiphany when something hit me in the top of my head and ran down the soles of my feet, leading Mama to take charge and do something that I never had done before: hugged Maggie to meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Walker 113). He understands the unframed to framed, present tense to past tense forms to represent the idea of alteration and Walkers attention paid toward it. Whitsitt concludes that the central characters in the story have changed throughout Everyday Use. He points out that Dee, whose insensitive intrusion, who in spite of herself brings Mama to claim a voice (Whitsitt 454). Dees change helps Mama develop and change in the story by eventually gaining voice and sticking up for herself along with Maggie and the quilts (Whitsitt). Dees actions of trying to take the quilts which were promised to Maggie, characterizes her as a thief. One who notices the cruel action is Whitsitt, who considers the attempted action as stealing from her innocent sister, Maggie. He notices that Dee wants to take the quilts along with other items of the house, but without any connection such as an obligation to them which Whitsitt views as denigrating the quilts, and then claiming they are priceless (456). Dee gets very angry and frustrated after Mama says that she promised the quilts to Maggie, and she blames Maggie noting that she is too backward to know the difference between things of value and of no value (Walker 112). Whitsitt believes this comment and finger-pointing is also done in an indirect way pointed not only at Maggie but also toward Mama and their standard of living (Whitsitt). Regardless of all of Dees disloyal actions, attitudes, and undermining, she still wants to use the quilts to put up on her wall to represent her ancestry. She is unappreciative of the material things such as the quilts, but she still believes that she deserves them even though she is embarrassed of her past. She mistakes her own heritage and changes her name to something that isnt even correct from her country. She takes her heritage for granted by changing into some would call a phony (Cowart172). Dee values her heritage for all the wrong reasons such as when she is said to use it as aesthetics to put on display in her house but really only to show that she is no longer a part of it anymore. She always puts down Maggie and Mama, hinting that they need to change and quit living in the past, but really Maggie and Mama feel that they should be living in tradition rather than changing their everyday life. Dee recognizes herself as confirming her African heritage especially by changing h er name to Wangero, by changing her way of life, and by changing her appearance, but she only seems to belittle her cultural background.

Older People With Strokes

Older People With Strokes An estimated 150,000 people have a stroke in the UK each year (Scottish Stroke Care Audit 2005/2006) with a mortality of over 67,000 (British Heart Foundation, 2005) . It is the third most common cause of death in England and Wales, after heart disease and cancer (NHS, 2001).This is in accordance with the report published by World Health Organization stating, stroke is the third highest cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries of the world, immediately following ischemic heart disease and malignant diseases(WHO, 2008).Because strokes are common and lead to substantial disability and ill-health, a large proportion of the NHS budget is spent on treating people who have suffered a stroke. The direct cost of stroke to the NHS is estimated to be  £2.8 billion. The cost to the wider economy is  £1.8 billion (NHS, 2001).Thus a needs assessment of this population group might help understand the intricacies of this issue. This assignment aims at giving a brief account of the factors influencing the health of people who have suffered stroke and further plan and justify a health needs assessment for the same. It will also attempt to provide a critical analysis of a relevant health policy and its impact on the affected population. Stroke: Definition and Risk Factors The World Health Organization defines stroke as a condition caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain, usually because a blood vessel bursts or is blocked by a clot. This cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing damage to the brain tissue. The effects of a stroke depends on which part of the brain is injured and how severely it is affected. A very severe stroke can cause sudden death (WHO, 2008). Various physiologic and medical conditions can precipitate stroke. The risk factors can be categorised into biological, environmental, socioeconomic and behavioural. There is often an interplay of two or more factors that attribute to morbidity. Biological: These include age, gender and genetic predisposition. The single most important factor that increases the chances of stroke threefold is the age of the individual (Fisher, 2001). Age People most at risk for stroke are older adults, particularly those with high blood pressure, who are sedentary, overweight, smoke, or have diabetes. Incidence rises exponentially with age and majority of them occur in persons older than 65 years (Fisher, 2001). Wolfe, Rudd Beech (1996) states that the risk of stroke doubles with each successive decade over the age of 55. Older age is also linked with higher rates of post-stroke dementia. Gender In most age groups except older adults, stroke is more common in men than in women. However, it kills more women than men, regardless of ethnic groups (Fisher, 2001). This may be partly due to the fact that women tend to live longer than men, and stroke is more common among older adults. Women account for about 6 in 10 stroke deaths (NHS, 2001). Race and Ethnicity In as diverse a population in England and Wales, the minority population, especially those belonging to the African and South Asian origin, face a significantly higher risk for stroke and death from stroke than the English (Wolfe, 1996). They also have a higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension than other groups. However, studies suggest that socioeconomic factors also affect these differences. Lifestyle Factors Smoking: People who smoke a pack a day have almost two and a half times the risk for stroke as nonsmokers. Smoking increases both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke risk (Wolfe, 1996). The risk for stroke may remain elevated for as long as 14 years after quitting, hence an earlier quit is recommended (NHS, 2001). Diet: Unhealthy diet (saturated fat, high sodium) can contribute to heart disease, high blood pressure, and obesity, which are all risk factors for stroke(Winter, 2001). Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular exercise can increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, and poor circulation, which increase the risk of stroke. Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Alcohol abuse, including binge drinking, increases the risk of stroke. Drug abuse, particularly with cocaine or methamphetamine, is a major factor of stroke in young adults. Anabolic steroids, used for body-building and sports enhancement, also increase stroke risk. Heart and Vascular Diseases Heart disease and stroke are closely tied for many reasons. People who have one heart or vascular condition (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, peripheral artery disease) are at increased risk for developing other related conditions (British Heart Foundation, 2005). High Blood Pressure. High blood pressure (hypertension) contributes to about 70% of all strokes. Hypertensive people have up to 10 times the normal risk of stroke, depending on the severity of the blood pressure in the presence of other risk factors. Hypertension is also an important cause of so-called silent cerebral infarcts, or blockages, in the blood vessels in the brain (mini-strokes) that may predict major stroke. Controlling blood pressure is extremely important for stroke prevention. A meta-analysis of nine prospective studies, including 420,000 individuals followed for 10 years, found that stroke risk increased by 46% for every 7.5-mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure (Fisher,2001). Atrial Fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, a major risk factor for stroke, is a heart rhythm disorder in which the atria (the upper chambers in the heart) beat very quickly and nonrhythmically (British Heart Foundation, 2005). Between 2 4% of patients with atrial fibrillation without any history of TIA or stroke will have an ischemic stroke over the course of the year. Of those with atrial fibrillation, the risk generally is highest in those older than age 75, with heart failure or enlarged heart, coronary artery disease, history of clots, diabetes, or heart valve abnormalities (Winter, 2001). Diabetes Heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death in people with diabetes. Diabetes is second only to high blood pressure as the main risk factor for stroke. The risk is highest for adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and patients with diabetes who are younger than age 55. African-Americans with diabetes are at even higher risk for stroke at a younger age (Wolfe, 1996). Diabetes is a particularly strong risk factor for ischemic stroke, perhaps because of accompanying risk factors, such as obesity and high blood pressure. Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Obesity may increase the risk for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke independently of other risk factors that often co-exist with excess weight, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and unhealthy cholesterol level (Winter, 2001). Weight that is centered around the abdomen (the so-called apple shape) has a particularly high association with stroke, as it does for heart disease, in comparison to weight distributed around hips (pear-shape). Stroke being a syndromic illness, the health needs of those at risk and post stroke survivors are varied and need due consideration. Health Needs Assessment in Stroke Survivors Health needs assessment according to the NHS health needs assessment workbook is a systematic review of the health issues facing a population leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and reduce inequalities. This ensures that any action taken minimises harm to health, and may improve it for those with the most to gain. In particular, stroke is a leading cause of adult disability (Raina, 1998). The trajectory of care for stroke is of sudden onset, acute hospital care followed by rehabilitation and return to community living. Of new stroke survivors, an estimated 56% go directly home after acute care, 32% go to inpatient rehabilitation, and 11% go to long-term care facilities (NHS, 2001). Stroke survivors returning to the community often have difficulties performing every day activities like dressing, eating, and mobility that can last well into the first year post-stroke (Mayo, 2002). It is also commonly associated with cognitive changes (e.g., 26. 3% of ischemic stroke survivors are diagnosed with dementia (Desmond, 2000)). Caregivers provide essential support to these individuals when they return home with varying levels of physical and cognitive difficulty. The assessment of health needs, involves a combination of epidemiological assessment of disease prevalence, the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment and care options, and their relative costs and effectiveness, analysis of existing activity and resource data, and application of this knowledge to populations (Bowling, 2009). Thus according to pallant (2002) it is important to identify the needs not wants so as to achieve measurable improvement from an intervention. As this involves time and efforts and results in considerable long term benefits for those who undertake it and for the population assessed. Hence it has attracted the interest of policy makers, health economist and health professionals to satisfy individual and population needs to optimize resource utilization (Lari Gari, 2005). In the present context the aim of health needs assessment for stroke is to lower the incidence of stroke, directed at reducing smoking, reducing socio-economic deprivation, lowering blood pressure and encouraging healthy lifestyles (Stevens, et al., 2004) Thus the health needs of stroke survivors during various phases of their post stroke recovery period as discovered in the literature are summarized as follows Biological aspect Biological pathology of post-stroke is neuromuscular function impairment which hinge on the lesion area on the brain. Undoubtedly, sensory-motor assessment such as visual field defects, bladder in dysphasia, sensory impairment and muscle power weakness (Klara, 2006). Also, motor paralysis is still a major problem in stroke condition that presents a weakness on the affected side particularly upper and lower extremities, due to lack of muscle tone generation and imbalance of nerve impulse from cerebral cortex which leads to flaccidity and spasticity (Fawcus, 2000). Therefore in order to evaluate post stroke management and care, use of a variety of standardized tests before physical rehabilitation training can help to assess the general and specific needs of the patients. For example, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) can assess muscle spasticity, the Medical Research Council Motor Power Score (MRC-MPS) can measure motor power and strength of isolated group of muscle and Likert-type scales use to count pain condition (Fasoli et al. 2004). In addition, the Barthel Index can evaluate functional skills of activity of daily living (Shah et al. 1989). These instruments and therapeutic modalities can assess the accurate physical condition and abilities of the stroke survivor and help perform strategic plan for his rehabilitation. Physical aspects After the stabilization of the patients medical condition the clinical emphasis is on preparing the patients to return home. The most important physical competency to be monitored in the stroke survivors by the health professionals at this stage are related to activity of daily living (ADL skills). As Gresham (1986) suggests independence in ADL will continue to be a suitable hallmark of physical restoration. Therefore the aspects that need consideration include education and training of stroke survivors and care givers to help them safely perform the activity of daily living and adapt the training received in the hospital to the home environment. For example, in the home environment bathrooms may be smaller, hallways may be narrower, carpets may be difficult to manage, and stairs may be difficult to negotiate. The sudden transition to the home with an absence of health professionals with whom to consult as needed may also make caregivers anxious. As a result, caregivers may need advi ce from peers and/or health care professionals on how to manage the care recipients various needs (Cameroon Gignac, 2008). They may require additional training, and they may need additional emotional support to address fears and anxiety associated with starting to provide care in the community. Emotional and needs Stroke survivors need continued practice and support in their activities of daily living and would benefit from the opportunity to test their skills in the home environment under the supervision of rehabilitation professionals and/or nurses (Pallant, 2002). These professionals could appraise and provide feedback about their functioning ability with the aim of enhancing stroke survivors skills and confidence. Emotionally, stroke survivors need support from social workers and/or family and friends to manage their mounting anxiety and uncertainty about their skills and competence in the community(Cameroon Gignac, 2008). The types of resources include access to community care agencies, on-going rehabilitation, and support groups. Behavioural needs The first and foremost priority in post stroke rehabilitation is to control the modifiable risk factors in stroke survivors. Several modifiable risk factors that contribute to development and progression of stroke include hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, dietary and hyper-cholesterolaemia (Gariballa, 2004). Multidisciplinary team approach not only helps in prevention but also to identify the susceptible population at risk. It is the primary health care team including clinical governance who leads the team (Pallant, 2002). Studies have shown that hypertension is the single most attributable factor for stroke. Smokers are at three fold risk of stroke when compared with non- smokers and 10 fold risks when in combination with raised systolic blood pressure (Wolfe, Rudd Beech, 1996). Diabetes accounts for 10-20% of all strokes whereas epidemiological studies have confounded that alcohol consumption has direct do se dependent effect (Lindley,2008). Thus patients and care giver counselling in improving the lifestyle related factors and regular monitoring of the patients during post stroke rehabilitation is mandatory for long term benefits. However in order to make the life of the post stroke survivors and the care givers more comfortable appropriate policies and their implementation should be the highest priority of the government and the Department of Health. Policy analysis in post-stroke from National Stroke Strategy [version 2008] (Department of Health, 2008) From the information available, the national stroke strategy tried to give data, advice and support for clear and easy implementation of treatment plan. This policy provides opportunity for stroke survivors to participate and express their health needs. Also, this persuades all institutional services of stroke to prepare pertinent information and health support into the system service to help people access information and care easily. For instance, if stroke survivors need to change service and treatment, healthcare team should explain factual information and transfer them to the right modalities by finding an accurate therapy to support them. Furthermore, if there is a voluntary organization service to serve nearby stroke patients home, health professionals should advise them to encourage joint activity in their society. Conclusively, this guiding principle explores peoples need and open people to feed back information on stroke service attribute. The essence of involving people in developing service and treatment programme lies in the policy makers view to incorporate stroke survivors and carers in decision making for development of strategic plan, focus management, delivery and scrutiny of appropriate service, to provide special tools and assistive support in case of severity. The strength of this stroke policy is evident from the relevant points and emphasis on the step by step sequencing of services regarding important concerns. Besides, guideline pattern has highlighted the key words that refer to reading awareness including consistency of cartoon painting which is easy to capture in perceptual context and comprehension. However, there are a few weaknesses of informative system that cannot explain the details of further information if people need to read in-depth and cannot show the feature of voluntary organization for connection of services. Examine how to serve life after stroke, assessment and rehabilitation Having completed basic stroke treatment, the life after stroke needs to be evaluated with an objective for providing a good quality of life and design services for people who have had a stroke and are supported to live with independence with possible availability of resources at their home and environment. The policy aims at stroke survivors and relatives requirement of high-quality rehabilitation training and medical support in order to promote better movement/mobility in day-to- day life, self hygiene and cooking, adequate communicative skills, distress/depression management problem solving ability and sexual behavioural understanding. The outstanding Information can help many readers and healthcare providers to realize and understand the overview of stroke patients. All healthcare professionals should follow this guideline on rehabilitation by concentrating on individual patient needs and differing needs of some ethnic groups depending on their culture and belief in environmental society. In addition, the plan of strategy has underlined the end-of-life care by considering severe stroke survivors who seem not to get better and help them join the right service programme with the right caregiver such as special care and needs, choice of place of death and assessment of the satisfaction of patients relatives about the end-of-life care. Therefore, the life after stroke policy is to distinguish, to follow and depict the important roles of healthcare team but which cannot see the pitfalls of service process. If the action plan can be manipulated, according to the patient requirement from the hospital to strokes home and community, the end result will definitely be much better. Analyse the process of health service in long-term care support In order to analyse the policy service system of stroke, the stroke strategy has to be formulated to facilitate easy-to-access services and to receive concomitant service from interdisciplinary team for long-term needs of stroke survivors. Outstandingly, provision of long-term care is essential and has become a part of health promotion because post-stroke pathology is different in each patient that needs to be rehabilitated in different modality intervention programmes. Nevertheless, this policy of long-term care support is difficult to manage a range of different rehabilitations because the activity involves various dimensions and a combination of facilities for different stroke cases and hence difficult to meet the complex social care needs. Apart from this, the stroke policy provides only an overview of immediate management and does not explain how to set the long-term care and support for stroke survivors. Although the long- term care process can lead to a better quality of life after stroke, there are many factors that need to be planned, especially related to the individual stroke condition. The guidance should be planned and made elusive in terms of mild, moderate and severe stroke in long-term care and support which is necessary for reflection of different short and long term goals to be achieved in rehabilitation training. However, the policy services merely shows peoples needs assessment and do not describe the effective planning that meets individual needs particularly related to long term care and hence should be considered accordingly to the level of stroke condition to identify specific social care needs, including the purpose of longer-term follow-up with evaluation in multispectral collaborative services. Discuss home modification, return to work and community participation To improve the quality of life in post-stroke environment, the stroke policy makers provide only with a framework for adapting the home to be compatible with patients needs for him/her to be independent but do not give details of provisions for daily life activities. The conceptual strategy has illustrated general requirement of services for transportation and housing management by pondering over housing needs related to adaptation and modification but does not analyse specific factors that may have both positive and negative impact on the development of post-stroke skills as well as that may obstruct independence in functional ability at their homes. Nevertheless, there are no details of home modifications that are mandatory in sample such as slope area, stairway, toilet, bed room and kitchen. Conclusion From the above it is clear that the burden of disease due to stroke and the its impact during the recovery period deeply affects the life of the survivor. The high incidence and prevalence of disease make it necessary to implement appropriate measures to prevent first ever and recurrent strokes. Moreover a well planned rehabilitation of the stroke survivors is vital for improved prognosis. Conclusively an assessment of the health needs of this population group can be used to optimize health care services and facilities in the best interest of the survivors. This can also be used by the policymakers in improving the relevant provisions in meeting the health needs of the deprived. Word count : 3352

Gender Roles in Society Essay -- Sociology Gender Sex Essays

Gender Roles in Society Suggested roles of all types set the stage for how human beings perceive their life should be. Gender roles are one of the most dangerous roles that society faces today. With all of the controversy applied to male vs. female dominance in households, and in the workplace, there seems to be an argument either way. In the essay, â€Å"Men as Success Objects†, the author Warren Farrell explains this threat of society as a whole. Farrell explains the difference of men and women growing up and how they believe their role in society to be. He justifies that it doesn’t just appear in marriage, but in the earliest stages of life. Similarly, in the essay â€Å"Roles of Sexes†, real life applications are explored in two different novels. The synthesis between these two essays proves how prevalent roles are in even the smallest part of a concept and how it is relatively an inevitable subject. Warren Farrell is a well educated man who focuses his attention on gender. In his essay â€Å"Men as Success Objects,† he writes about gender roles in male-female relationships. He begins, â€Å"for thousands of years, marriages were about economic security and survival† (Farrell 185). The key word in that statement is were. This implies the fact that marriage has changed in the last century. He relates the fact that post 1950s, marriage was more about what the male and female were getting out of the relationship rather than just the security of being married. Divorce rates grew and added to the tension of which gender held the supremacy and which role the individuals were supposed to accept. â€Å"Inequality in the workplace† covered up all of the conflicts involved with the â€Å"inequality in the homeplace†(Farrell). Farrell brings to attention all ... ...o accept. They help define male versus female. Most of the time these issues are taken lightly, and go unnoticed until someone or some group pays attention to the inequality and typical roles. It becomes interesting when roles are reversed in society to see how others react to those situations. Society seems to be getting more comfortable with female success, and less obsessed with women staying home to do housework. No matter how successful, there is always a struggle for dominance. It also seems to depend on how children are brought up as to how strongly those individuals strive to achieve their specific role. It will be interesting to see as society changes over time how the defined gender roles will continue to change as well. Whether it is the conflict of success, supremacy, or need for perfection roles will sustain time just as they have from the beginning.

Full-Day vs. Half-Day Kindergarten Essay -- essays papers

Full-Day vs. Half-Day Kindergarten Which is more effective? Abstract: This paper gives a brief history of kindergarten; where and why it was created. It describes both full-day and half-day programs, examines the advantages, and disadvantages of full-day and half-day kindergarten, and comes to a conclusion as to which program is more effective in educating the young. Kindergarten plays an important role in the growth, and development of a child. It is here that children begin the foundation for the rest of there education. Educators are constantly looking for ways to improve the kindergarten program for optimal success, however change never occurs easily. There is always some opposition; as in the case with the change from half-day to full-day kindergarten. After carefully researching the controversial topic I have been able to come to some conclusions, as to which program is more effective, and practical. However it is important to first look into where kindergarten all began. There is no denying the importance of the care and education of young children. That is why early childhood educators have been motivated for centuries to create high quality programs for the young. One of the most innovative and lasting programs that was created was German educator Friedrich Froebel’s concept of kindergarten. Froebel sought to develop a program that would stress the natural growth of children through play, and in 1837 he developed the first kindergarten (Froebel’s Kindergarten). Froebel believed that children after the age of three should be placed in the care of properly trained teachers for part of the day (A Comparison of the Reading Performance). In 1849 the training of kindergarten teachers began, and in the 1850’s kin... ...from Academic Search/ EBSCO database Kurtz, Jill. (2004, October 15). Starting School for Kindergarten Parents. Retrieved December 4, 2004, from http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/start/kday.htm Mathur, Sangeeta, Elicker, James (1997). What Do They Do All Day? Comprehensive Evaluation of a Full-Day Kindergarten. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 12(4), p.459 +. Retrieved October 3, 2004, from ERIC database Schubert, Ellen (1997). Half-day kindergarten perspective. [Electronic Version]. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 12(4) p.481+. Viadero, Debra (2002). Full-Day Kindergarten Boosts Academic Performance. Education Week, 21(31), p.14. Retrieved September 26, 2004, from Academic search/ EBSCO database Wood, Daniel B. (2004, January 28). Learning trend: Kindergarten becomes and all-day affair. Retrieved December 4, 2004, from http:www.matr.net/print-9643.html

Annotated Bibliography Lord of the Rings

Rutledge,   Fleming. The Battle for Middle-earth: Tolkien's Divine Design in The Lord of the Rings. Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2004. Fleming Rutledge takes a deep dive into the religious undertones behind Tolkien's masterpiece. This was especially written for Tolkien readers who look at The Lord of the Rings as pure fantasy, totally unaware of the religious dimensions of the story. The author accomplishes this by taking a parallel analysis of the events as they unfold in the book. With scholarly expertise, Rutledge shows the theological themes that drive every action in the story, thus proving the profound presence of religion in the sub-narrative. In his introduction, Rutledge writes the following: Nonetheless, because I have come to the work entirely without expectations, I am presumptuous enough to believe that my delayed, untaught encounter with the Ring saga – combined with my knowledge of Scripture, theology, and the Church – had afforded an opportune glimpse into Tolkien’s deepest intimations. (2) In another chapter, Rutledge writes about Bilbo’s behavior, If there were any doubts about the lasting effects of the ring even on the most innocuous individuals, the next sequence dispels it. †¦ In the great Hall of Fire after dinner, Frodo is reunited with Bilbo. Of course Frodo is overjoyed to see his beloved relative, mentor and friend once more; it has been the greatest desire of his heart. But when the subject of the ring comes up between them, an appalling change creeps over Bilbo. He asks, in a rather too sniveling a voice if he can see the Ring once more†¦ The change in Bilbo is revolting†¦ The implication is clear. One more close encounter with the Ring and dear, cuddly, beloved Bilbo will be on his way to becoming another Gollum. 2. West, John Garret, et al. Celebrating Middle-Earth: The Lord of the Rings As a Defense of Western Civilization. Inkling Books. 2002 This volume is a collaboration among six writers who each explores the place of The Lord of the Rings in the modern Western world. Each of the authors present In John West’s preface, he says, Tolkien was both a devout Christian and a dedicated scholar of the Western intellectual and literary traditions, and his love for Christianity and the West stand at the core of this narrative. Far from being simple escapism or blind nostalgia, Tolkien’s saga actually confronts many of the idols of modernism and post-modernism. (10) Another writer, Kerry Dearborn maintains, Tolkien’s faith was deeply important to him, and it is something woven into the fabric of his stories, but something which must be deduced or worked out†¦Although Tolkien reflects vivid belief in and experience of the world’s depravity, his faith correlates more closely to Christian traditions that would affirm a vestige of the divine in creation and the imago dei (the image of God) in humanity rather than total depravity. (95-96) Towards the end of the book, West writes, We are free to a point. We are free to accept our calling or reject it. The most inspiring thing about The Lord of the Rings, for me, is its heroes’ monumental struggle to fulfill the mission that fate had ordained for them†¦ Nothing could make them abandon their mission†¦ Whereas the good characters all submit to authority outside of them, the bad ones recognize no authority higher than their individual will. 3. Bassham, Gregory and Bronson, Eric. The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All.   Open Court Publishing. 2003. The author of this book is chairman of the philosophy department at King's College. This book takes a philosophical view on the lessons on life and living that the Lord of the Rings presents. Particularly, the authors distill lessons about morality and ethics, the power of choice, and the corruptive nature of power. Bassham writes the following, †¦Gollum is the more fascinating character†¦ He represents the good gone bad, something which is always intriguing for those who are struggling to stay with the first. Sam represents the good that stays good even under temptation. Both Gollum and Sam want the same thing: to be happy. Both work hard at it. But only one of them succeeds: Sam reaches his goal and Gollum ends in disaster. Why? This is the momentous philosophical question, because it concerns the nature of the good life, the life of happiness. We need to answer it because in answering we can perhaps also learn something important about how to achieve happiness for ourselves. In the book, the authors make the following points, So St. Augustine and Tolkien agree that nothing is completely and utterly evil, because such a thing could not even exist because existence itself is good. (103) In another chapter, the authors further, In an epic tale of good and evil such as The Lord of the Rings, it is a virtual necessity that the characters representing good and evil can be identified as such by the reader. One way for them to be identified is through their actions. Another is though the character traits from which those actions proceed. There may be different literary reasons for preferring one approach to the other, but when the characters are given personalities that exhibit virtues or vices, the moral lesson is clearer. The lesson is clearer because right actions may be performed for wrong reasons, or, alternatively, wrongful acts may be performed for the right reasons. So just looking at what people do may be less morally instructive than considering who they are. (110) 4. Lobdell, Jared et al. A Tolkien Compass. Open Court Publishing. 2003. This book is basically a compilation of reflections to the places and characters in Middle-Earth. This book is intended to use Middle Earth as a guide to our own life’s journeys. This volume traces the journeys of some of the main characters in Tolkien’s story, their inner struggle and transformations, and cull lessons that we an use as we face life’s many uncertainties. Walter Schepes writes in his essay, It is important to note that most of the distinctions between good and evil in The Lord of the Rings are generic distinctions, and the forces of evil are often immediately recognizable as such from their place of origin, their color, or their manner of speech. (44) The author furthers, These major characters seem to fall into groups of three. First, there are three already wholly corrupted by the desire for power – Sauron, the Ringwraiths, and Gollum. Second, there are the three who belong to an earlier time and have removed themselves from the world to such a degree that the power of the Ring means nothing to them – Shelob, Fangorn, and Tom Bombadil. Third, there are three, The Great, who would have the strength to wield the power of the Ring if they did obtain it – Saruman, Gandalf, and Galadriel. Fourth, there are the three men of Gondor to whom the Ring offers special temptation in their threatened land – Boromir, Denethor, and Faramir. And fifth, there are the three who for differing reasons obtain heroic stature in the story – Frodo, Sam, and Aragorn. (57) 5. Curry, Patrick. Defending Middle-Earth: Tolkien, Myth and Modernity. Mariner Books. 2004 Curry focuses on the different social and political systems that existed in Middle Earth and how these various structure worked together to ward off an evil that threatens all of them. The author maintains that Tolkien’s masterpiece is a spiritual work meant to enlighten those who read it with an open heart. This book also analyzes the symbolic battle of nature against a highly mechanical, modern world and how Tolkien presents us with a cautionary tale about the abuses of technology. The following is an excerpt from the book: However, although Tolkien drew on the tiny corner of the world that is the West Midlands of England, readers from virtually everywhere else in the world connect the hobbits with a rustic people of their own, relatively untouched by modernity – if not still actually existing, then from the alternative reality of folk and fairy tale. 6. Chance, Jane. Tolkien the Medievalist. Routledge. 2003 This book puts Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings in the context of the Medieval Period. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the elements of Tolkien’s stories and relates them to the literary characteristics that were in effect during the Middle Ages. This book will be useful in studying how the elements of Catholic beliefs of good and evil influence Tolkien’s famed The Lord of the Rings trilogy. However, aside from the comparison with the literature of the Middle Ages, this volume offers an interesting perspective on how the trilogy came to be and to what extent did the existing circumstances, particularly the looming world war, affected Tolkien’s value system and how he wrote the book. A relevant quote from the book goes like this, In September of that year John Ronald Tolkien, then a 22-year old student at Oxford awaiting military call-up, wrote a fairy tale poem titled â€Å"The Voyage of Earendel,† about a celestial mariner who sails west to seek peace for Middle Earth. It was the beginning of his invented mythology. (26) 7. Isaacs, Neil David et al. Understanding The Lord Of The Rings: The Best Of Tolkien Criticism edited by Neil David Isaacs. Houghton Mifflin Books. 2005 This volume compiled and edited by Isaacs is the definitive collection of literary criticisms on The Lord of the Rings. The books compile essays from the time The Lord of the Rings was first published up until the renewed interest in Tolkien after the release of the Peter Jackson’s film. This book is valuable because it presents a variety of perspectives and arguments without diluting the beauty of Tolkien’s masterpiece. In Edmund Fuller’s essay, he makes a point about the theme of good and evil in The Lord of the Rings, As to the inherent meaning, we are confronted basically by a raw struggle between good and evil. This contest offers a challenge and demands decisions of several kinds. The power of evil is formidable and ruthless. The initial decision, in which many of the characters participate, is whether or not to attempt to resist at all†¦ So great and discouraging are the odds involved in resistance that the possibility of surrender, terrible than the fight – unless the deciding element is the moral choice of rejecting evil regardless of consequence. (19) 8. Porter, Lynette. Unsung Heroes of The Lord Of The Rings: From The Page To The Screen. Praeger/Greenwood. 2005 Porter’s book presents a fresh take on heroism as defined by the minor characters on the book. Most criticisms on The Lord of the Rings are about the central characters, often overlooking the fact that the ones in the background have struggles and heroism in their own lives as well. Here is Porter’s take on Pippin, Pippin’s value as a hero cannot truly be measured using the typical definitions of a literary hero. The importance of his character lies not in his ability to serve as a classic literary hero preordained for greatness, but in his ability to overcome his fear and self-doubt to grow up and into a heroic young adult. Pippin is truly the everyperson hero who, at least early in his life, might be voted least likely to do anything worthwhile for others, but who matures into a leader capable of heroic action in crises. (59)

Middle East Women

Jay Sammelmann Dr. Holzhauer UI350-01 4/24/13 Women of the Middle East The women of the Middle East are very interesting to look in to. They are not just another person or treated by the same standards like they are treated here in the United States. There is a lot of controversy and fighting for women’s rights throughout the Middle East. They have an extreme lack of power there and they are fighting to change that. It is not right that women are such inferior people over there because they are no different than any other female in this world.Sexism plays a big role in the Middle East and the women are getting sick of putting up with this treatment. This is a big part of what I will be looking into in the research paper: â€Å"What kind of role do women play in a typical Middle Eastern society? † I will also analyze a typical Middle Eastern woman’s daily life and I will also look into their dress. There dress is unlike any other place in the world. When I see a v eil, I automatically think about a Middle Eastern woman, as the veil is kind of like the symbol of Middle Eastern women’s dress.The first issue I will address when examining women in the Middle East is their rights. I have always been under the impression that women couldn’t do certain things that are freedoms in the United States, like dressing however you may wish, because of their religion. Most women’s religion over there is Islam. Actually through research I have discovered that religion is not what holds back Middle Eastern women. The Quran actually has given Middle Eastern women many important rights that even women here in the United States and the West in general didn’t have until fairly recently when you look back through history.For example, Muslim women have always been able to retain their own assets, while the property of women in England was given to their husbands once they married all the way up until 1882 (Global Connections). Also, â₠¬Å"Muslim women in many countries kept their own last name,† which shows that the men do not just gain â€Å"property rights† over the woman when they marry (Global Connections). The Quran has a lot of proof that religion isn’t the reason that women are fighting for rights in their region. The Quran has listed many freedoms and rights that Muslim women deserve.For example, the Quran instructs Muslims to educate daughters as well as sons and it insists that women have the right to refuse a prospective husband (Global Connections). These are just a few on a long list of rights from the Quran that are overlooked when outsiders view the Middle East. Maybe the most important thing the Quran states is, that men and women are equal in the eyes of God (Global Connections). This proves that religion isn’t the reason women are mistreated, because the rights are listed in fine print inside of their holy book.The traditional culture of the Middle East is the bigger pr oblem with regard to women’s rights in this region, not religion. While women in the Middle East don’t have the fairest rights, they also have had more leadership positions than you may think as well. In particular there have been a fair amount of female political leaders in Muslim societies. Maybe the most important women were those who were the sisters of the Prophet Muhammad. They were extremely important to the early Muslim community because they knew his practice and teachings so well (Global Connections).Muhammad was the most influential person to ever come out of the Middle East, so it was crucial that his practice and teachings be passed on to further generations. Muhammad’s sisters weren’t the only powerful political figures over time in this region. Also, Aisha who is known as the favorite wife of Muhammad was also very influential. Something interesting about her was that she even participated in the Battle of Camel in 656 (Global Connections). Aisha wanted justice on the perpetrators of the assignation of the previous caliph, Uthman (Wise Muslim Women).A women leading in battle was never really seen before and isn’t seen very often today either. This demonstrates the importance of Aisha in Middle Eastern history. Another influential woman in the history of the Middle East was Shajarat al-Durr. She firmly established the Mamluk dynasty that would ultimately repulse the  Mongols, expel the  European  Crusaders  from the  Holy Land, and remain the most powerful political force in the  Middle East  until the coming of the  Ottomans (Wise Muslim Women).Some other female political figures over time in the Middle East are the Sultanate of Women in the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century was a period when several women had enormous power over affairs of the state (Global Connections). Today there is a small, but growing number of women in the parliaments of Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon (Glo bal Connections). In Morocco women have secured 60 out of 395 seats, which may not sound like much, but that is fifteen percent of Parliament (Basch-Harod).The women’s movement campaign’s goal was to secure thirty percent of Parliament, but fifteen percent is a respectable start (Basch-Harod). It is encouraging to see that women are making a difference today as well. Although their contributions may not be the greatest, it’s great to see they are at least getting their foot in the door. These are just a few political leaders throughout time. This shows that women have the ability to gain power in the Middle East if they are put in the right situation.Not only were there some influential political leaders that were women, but there are also some powerful religious leaders as well. One female religious leader that has made a big impact is Rabia. â€Å"She was a freed slave who became a prominent scholar in the eight century city of Bara in Iraq† (Global Con nections). Rabia was the person who first articulated the tenants of Sufism, which is a critical branch of Islam that emphasizes mysticism and a person’s personal relationship with God (Global Connections).She proved to be very influential as she never ended up marrying anyone citing that she didn’t want any distractions from her love for god. Rabia was looked up to by many people in the Islam community. A couple other important role models in the Islam community include Fatima, who was the prophet of Muhammad’s daughter and Zaynab who was the prophet’s granddaughter (Global Connections). This shows overall that women have been able to attain some power and have influence throughout time. I feel like the view of Americans is that women hardly even exist in the Middle East region.While they may not have the same rights and aren’t treated as well as they are here in the United States today, they have proven to have more influence throughout history t han many women. Many women in the United States didn’t have any influence until the 1800s. Women have made significant strides and impacts in the Middle East for many centuries now, which is something to consider before you label Middle Eastern women as virtually nonexistent. One of the first things one notices about a Middle Eastern woman is their choice of clothing.The veil is kind of a symbol of Middle Eastern women. When I see a woman in a veil around campus and all covered up from head to toe, I automatically think it is a Middle Eastern woman. The hijab is the most common type of veil worn by Middle Eastern women. This has either one or two scarves covers the head and neck of the woman (Civic Dilemmas). This is an example of Middle Eastern woman’s modest dress. A few more styles of dress are the niqab, the chador, and the burqa. The niqab covers the entire body, including the head and face, while just leaving an opening for the eyes to see.These niqabs are very p opular amongst the Muslim world in general (Civic Dilemmas). The chador is a full body length shawl that is held together at the neck by a pin and it leaves the face completely visible. This type of dress is most common in the Middle East, specifically in Iran, as compared to the rest of the world (Civic Dilemmas). The last style of dress I will explain is the burqa, which is a full body veil. The woman’s entire face and body is covered and she has to see through a mesh screen over the eyes (Civic Dilemmas).One will see this type of dress most commonly in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Actually for five years in the late 1990s and early 2000s the Taliban regime the use of a burqa was mandated by law (Civic Dilemmas). I don’t think that countries should force anybody to dress a certain way, but I am spoiled by the freedom that I have here in the United States. This just goes to show you how lucky we have it as Americans, that some people like in the Middle East are forced to wear certain clothes.