Poor quality exports

Despite the fact that poor quality products are banned for sale in the United States and Europe, these products still find their way into other markets outside the stated markets. Some countries, especially the developing countries, are thus being flooded with recycled, old, obsolete or damaged goods from the international markets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Poor quality exports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This poses a very big problem to local producers in such countries and it is also a potential time bomb that is bound to weaken international trade ties. With the contemporary efforts that companies and countries are making towards getting a share of the international market, the aforementioned habitual exportation of poor quality goods is bound to phase itself out. Developing countries have been fairly associated with all sorts of problems. These countries are normally subjected to unfair trade agree ments by other countries that offer them development assistance. It is these agreements that pave way for importation of poor quality goods in the developing countries. A development partner may offer to aid a given developing country to construct roads with the terms that all the materials to be used in this project will come from the country undertaking the project. This attracts exploitation of the developing country since the country may not have a choice. Thus poor quality construction materials will be imported to the country. The exportation of poor quality goods is bound to bring problems to both parties involved. The country to which the goods are exported will indubitably face problems from the competition of products from local manufacturers with the imported products. The imported products are bound to decrease the demand for locally manufactured products since, with their poor quality, they will most probably be offered at low prices. The other problem will be the effec ts that these poor-quality products will have on the consumers. For instance, the stated case of a road built with poor-quality materials, the road will most probably get damaged quickly. This will lead to dissatisfaction of stakeholders in its country of domicile. The effect of this will be that the exporter who provided the goods and services to the country may be banned from transacting with the country. With the stated contemporary efforts y companies and countries to sustainably establish themselves in the international markets and with the contemporary consumers who value quality, such practices as the exportation of poor quality goods are bound to become the contemporary dinosaurs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumers are increasingly fishing for goods from the international markets in order to get quality goods. It, therefore, follows that when the quality is co mpromised, they will have nothing to do with the company or country providing the goods and with time, the exporters of poor quality goods will have to produce and export quality products. Although there are a number of factors that make it hard to completely phase out the exportation of poor quality products, the practice will, undoubtedly, get extinct with time. This is due to the rising demand for quality goods and the increasing economic independence of developing countries. The countries that practice this unethical trade behavior should take responsibility and find better ways of reaching the poor markets in developing countries. This is because the poor quality goods that they export to such countries may have serious effects on their consumers. One of the approaches that such exporters may use is the production of quality goods in large quantities and meant for export to certain countries. They can then enter in agreements with such countries to ensure that they will sell in large quantities. This essay on Poor quality exports was written and submitted by user Brittany P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essays

Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essays Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essay Elderly Abuse In Nursing Homes In Pakistan Social Work Essay Ageing is the cosmopolitan phenomenon encountered by every human single across the life span. All human existences expect for a healthy and happy old age but non many of them pull off to acquire all those in world. In this current century, universe scenario is altering quickly in the signifier of rise in aged population than earlier. Many developing states including Pakistan are affected by this planetary alteration. A study on planetary wellness and ripening shared recent statistics that in 2010, an estimated 524 million were aged 65 old ages or older doing 8 % of universe population. It is interesting to observe that by 2050 this figure is expected to treble to about 1.5 billion meaning 16 % of universe s population ( WHO Report, 2011 ) . Ironically, in developing states, geriatric population between 2010 and 2050 is expected to increase more than 250 per centum as compared to developed states. Ali and Kaini ( 2003 ) add that this tendency in ageing is the consequence of the demogr aphic displacement in birthrate rates in combination with mortality rates ensuing in ripening of the population ( p. 1 ) . Having a glimpse at our national scenario, it is estimated that the proportion of population 60 old ages and above in Pakistan will increase from 5.8 per centum in the twelvemonth 2000 to 7.3 per centum in 2025 and 12.4 per centum in 2050 ( United Nations, 2002 ) . Reason for the choice of this subject I came up with my thesis subject as every twelvemonth peculiarly on festivals such as Eid, different media channels broadcast plans where positions of aged who are shacking in their shelter places are taken. The oculus catching minute was the hurting and call these ageing parents expressed, when their kids neglected and dumped them in shelter places, when they most need support in their last old ages of life. This event influenced me to work for my thesis in the field of gerontologies. Therefore, in the visible radiation of the important planetary and national figures, the awaited demographic tendency will ensue in more aging population. Increase in ageing will predispose the seniors to endure in chronic unwellnesss, disablements and new disease forms. Another, considerable turning fact is that, due to the displacement of social paradigm, aged population will be the most vulnerable group necessitating wellness attending presently and in the old ages in front. Therefore, it is recomme nded that older grownups should stay socially active in their ulterior old ages ( Bergstrom, Holmes A ; Pecchioni, 2000 ) . The findings from the proposed research part in this country peculiarly in Pakistani context will help in make fulling the spread where aged population can renew themselves without being isolated from societal life, and can populate with quality, self-respect and free of force in their empty nest yearss. Significance of the job Many decennaries ago the construct of force against adult females and kids was objected throughout the universe but researches in these countries have resulted in the protection and formation of Torahs for these groups. Likewise, aged maltreatment is yet another novel and critical public wellness and societal issue that need prompt attending. Infact, it is one of the most serious topic which is under reported nationally and internationally ensuing in 1000s of soundless victims. Numerous surveies are being conducted in the developed states on the assorted facets of the ageing population in order to guarantee optimal quality in the ulterior stage of life clip. However, many of the South Asiatic states including Pakistan are confronting serious challenges of reduced economic system, low nest eggs, high rising prices rates ; fiscal benefits for few per centums of authorities employees, deficiency of wellness insurance coverage are doing the life of this vulnerable group questionable. Apa rt from these brushs, aged population are facing with the diminution of extended household system and the outgrowth of atomic households ( Jalal A ; Younis, 2012 ) . In Asiatic civilizations, many of socio cultural patterns are grounded on construct of extended household system. Old members of the household are taken attention by the immature coevals and it is regarded dishonourable if any senior lives entirely or in nursing place. In add-on to it, this passage has led to the diminution in older determination doing power and place and to bask subsequently old ages with self-respect and dignity. Due to this transition the aged are at hazard, as the younger and more productive members of the household take over, marginalising the aged into places of dependance both societal and economic ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010, p. 2 ) . Another of import alteration that has taken topographic point in the last twosome of old ages is that younger persons are migrating for better employment chances go forthing behind parents with no 1 to care for them, doing aged to populate entirely or they are shifted to shelter places. Sabzwari and Azhar ( 2010 ) supports that one in five patients at the third attention infirmary in Karachi are aged. It is estimated that at least 6-7 % of aged sing geriatric clinics at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi are populating entirely with small aid ( p. 2 ) . Addition in life anticipation has led to significant addition in aging population globally and it is predicted that the universe s aged population will go on to increase with an estimated rate at 67 % residing in developing states by the twelvemonth 2020 ( Karunakara A ; Stevenson, 2012, Aging population subdivision, parity. 1 ) . In Pakistani context, 60 old ages is designated as the age of aged. Jalal and Younis ( 2012 ) portions WHO report that: 5.6 % of Pakistan s population was over 60 old ages of age, with a chance of duplicating to 11 % by the twelvemonth 2025. Pakistan s life anticipation was increased from 45.6 old ages in 1950 to 66.8 old ages in 2008 with a chance of increasing to 72 old ages by 2023 ( p. 2 ) . Hence, the diminution of popular extended household system and rise of calling oriented households, and alteration in familial values compounded by significant addition in ageing, topics older population to maltreatment and this country requires immediate consideration. Jamuna ( 2003 ) rationalizes that a series of developments, such as urbanisation, industrialisation, and migration, and a turning sense of philistinism and individualistic orientations have threatened the civilization of past ( p.129 ) . One important cause for low rate of maltreatment in Asiatic civilizations is conformity to the value of regard for their seniors whereas western civilizations sideline them but dismaying mark is that this malignant neoplastic disease is bit by bit turning in our civilization. Research inquiry Older people are left with infinite jobs in their ulterior stage of life where these old ages are believed to populate in regard, sedateness and dignity with their married kids and grandchildren. On the contrary, this age group has to pass their lives in isolation at place or in shelter places due to neglect and barbarous intervention by them. Although, these old places are answer to most in demand yet they still non supply a solution to bulk of the population. Our civilization despite its gradual transmutation still adheres to the value of caring for their aged at place ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010 ) . Elder maltreatment is the dismaying public wellness issue nowadays in both developed and developing states. Very small information is available sing the extent of ill-treatment in aged particularly in developing states, it is estimated that 4-6 % of aged people have experienced some signifier of ill-treatment at place. ( WHO fact sheet, 2011 ) . However, older people are frequently afr aid to describe instances of ill-treatment to household, friends, or to the governments. There is no dependable informations or research conducted in Pakistani context, where agonies of these aged populations populating in nursing places could be researched and addressed. Dildar, Saeed and Sharjeela ( 2012 ) references that elder maltreatment and disregard are hard to quantify as these occur in the privateness of the place, establishments and under reported in our state ( p. 662 ) . Based on the above facts and literature I came up with the research inquiry that, what are the experience and the perceptual experience of aged people populating in nursing place in Karachi, Pakistan? Literature hunt scheme Literature hunt was conducted in a systematic manner by using available electronic databases, in order to reexamine and research existing literature related to maltreatment of aged population in nursing place. In order to observe relevant literature, two major databases, CINHAL plus with full text and PUBMED was used. Another hunt engine like Google bookman was besides searched to happen the relevant literature beginnings. These databases were searched for the clip period between the twelvemonth 2000 and 2012. Different cardinal words or combination of cardinal words along with the usage of Boolean operators were used for all hunt engines, like senior maltreatment and nursing places, elder ill-treatment and nursing places. A equivalent word for senior maltreatment like geriatric maltreatment and for nursing place like shelter place was typed on the hunt saloon. Relevant articles were hunted when the key words were written in research rubric, abstract of reappraisal articles of all in formations bases. A separate hunt was carried out for placing the available literature in Pakistan for this intent the term Pakistan was added along with other cardinal words to seek relevant Pakistani beginnings. Mention lists of retrieved articles from these databases were besides checked for relevant literature. Search from all informations bases were narrowed down by the usage hunt filters like twelvemonth scope, gender, age and linguistic communication. For item literature hunt and figure of hits ( See appendix A ) . Literature reappraisal analysis on aged maltreatment in nursing places Definition The topic of senior maltreatment began to have acknowledgment since 1970, and the first roar on senior maltreatment appeared in UK medical diaries in 1975 as granny banging . It was identified by British Gerontologist and the first population based survey was done in USA in 1988. International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse ( INPEA ) defines older maltreatment is a individual or repeated act or deficiency of appropriate action, happening within any relationship where there is an outlook of trust which causes injury or hurt to an older individual ( INPEA, 2002, p. 3 ) . Age bracket for aged is 60 old ages and above. Some anticipations indicate that one million people turn 60 every month and 80 % of these are from the developing universe ( WHO/INPEA, 2002 ) . All the susceptible victims of maltreatment who are 65 old ages or more and enduring from mental upset, chronic disease, and disablement mostly depend on the funded establishments or NGO s but if there is fiscal restraint so these vulnerable groups have to restrict them to place. ( srilanka 2009 ) . There is considerable argument on the definition of senior maltreatment because some civilizations foster certain behaviours that may be considered as maltreatment in different cultural context. In Australia, senior refers to older local people who have specific places of power within native communities. It was recommended that elder maltreatment be replaced with senior maltreatment in an Australian context as it referred to original and senior population ( Ryan, 2009 ) . It can be argued that maltreatment occurs within a relationship where there is an outlook of trust, no affair different civilizations gives different definitions on senior maltreatment. However McFerran ( 2009 ) , asserts that research on domestic force in aged adult females asserts that, it is based on unequal power dealingss and traditional devaluation of adult females, non on relationships based on trust ( as cited in Ryan, 2009, Definition of senior maltreatment, parity. 3 ) . Therefore, irrespective of the type of maltreatment, it will decidedly ensue in pointless wretchednesss, strivings and sorrows, and lessening quality of life of aged. Types of senior maltreatment Elder maltreatment is categorized into five different types: physical maltreatment, psychological /emotional maltreatment, financial/material maltreatment, sexual maltreatment and disregard ( WHO/INPEA, 2002 ) . Most recent informations from USA provinces that, there are about 570,000 instances of senior maltreatment reported each twelvemonth, 55 % of the instances suffer from disregard which is the most common signifier of senior ill-treatment ( Facts on senior maltreatment, 2012 ) . Economic maltreatment is one of the most often reported signifiers of maltreatment, followed by disregard, psychological or emotional and eventually physical maltreatment. Sexual maltreatment of seniors is non reported every bit often as any other type of maltreatment ( Ryan, 2009 ) . Another dimension of senior ill-treatment is that it is non restricted to place environment, hazard is even go forthing them in nursing places, infirmaries and long term attention installations. An empirical survey in New Zealand reveals that psychological maltreatment ( 59 % ) is followed by material/financial ( 42 % ) and physical maltreatment ( 12 % ) were most often identified types of maltreatment. Sexual maltreatment occurred in 2 % of reported instances ( Gadit, 2009 ) . Canada is one of the universe s extremely civilised states studies that 22 % of Canadians think a senior they know personally might be sing some signifier of maltreatment, 90 % feel that the maltreatment experienced by an older individual frequently gets worse over clip ( Govt of Canada,2008, speedy facts on senior maltreatment in Canada ) . Deductions of the proposed research in nursing It is a ambitious undertaking for all wellness attention suppliers to expeditiously measure the aged group so that maltreatment can be identified and reported for the immediate intercessions. Proposed research on this topic will do people cognizant, that elder maltreatment will forestall older members from being favourable and positive members of the society. Furthermore, grounds based cognition on this affair will help in safeguarding and advancing public assistance of the aged clients. Harmonizing to Lachs and Pillemer ( 1995 ) guidelines from the American Medical Association suggest that all older grownups be asked by their doctors about household force, even in the absence of symptoms potentially attributable to mistreat or pretermit ( p. 438 ) . A careful history pickings and interviewing technique is important in placing accurate information on the possible maltreatment. If the force on senior is confirmed so precedence is to guarantee safety of the aged individual by dividin g from the culprit. In the western states, based on their cultural background, bulk of the old age population resides in shelter places. In Karachi, nursing places are managed by private NGO s or spiritual organisations. The Catholic Church runs three old people places in Karachi, and people shacking in these old places pay a minimum fees, and remainder are generated through the church ( Subzwari A ; Azhar, 2010 ) . Some nursing places are governed by spiritual communities working wihh the aid of voluntary and contribution support. Gadit ( 2009 ) identifies that Edhi Foundation is one glowering illustration of a service where abandoned aged people are housed. These aged people are shunned off by their kids under different stalking-horses like poorness, unwellness among aged and general intolerance ( p. 3 ) . Recommendation for the bar of senior maltreatment A national policy for the publicity of better wellness of the aged was designed in 1999, but execution is yet to be seen. This policy integrated preparation of primary attention physicians in gerontologies, handiness of dental attention, domiciliary attention, and a multi-tiered system of wellness attention suppliers for aged including physical healers and societal workers. ( sabeena jaleel 2012 ) . An of import recommendation is the induction of awareness plans among wellness attention professionals on the topic and the preparation of appraisal tools to observe maltreatment. Another, is the workshops for nursing and medical alumnuss should be conducted to observe and pull off elder maltreatment more efficaciously ensuing in prompt intervention steps. Potential research on assorted facets of attention of aged can press in the development of policy at governmental degree for the protection of geriatric population1. At national degree, electronic and print media can play a cardinal function in raising consciousness on this topic. It can move as a medium for the proviso of specially funded and recreational shelter places, free wellness attention installations, and formation of legislative policies ( Marshal, Benton A ; Barzier, 2000. Research Methodology The research attack which would outdo hole on the research inquiry would be qualitative in nature. I would wish to travel for Phenomenological method as it deals with the truth about world built in people s lived experience ( Polit A ; Beck, 2008, p. 227 ) . This attack can be applicable on those constructs which are cardinal to the life happenings of the human being. The nucleus end is to wholly understand individuals lived experience and perceptual experiences that it will bring forth. Inclusion Standards Inclusion standards will affect all aged people with an age of 60 old ages and above in both the genders. Another would be all aged population life in nursing places in Karachi. Exclusion Standards My exclusion standards would be all aged below 60 old ages of age. Decision

Becoming Influential Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Becoming Influential - Essay Example Second, this could mean lower-cost and in-time PHC delivery to a broader population. Third, it will remove or at least lessen the legal barriers, caused by different state laws that hinder APNs to provide PHC (Hansen-Turton et al., 2010; Safriet, 2011). Lastly, it will give the nursing profession the due recognition that has long been denied of it. As such, I hope; my message will accomplish three things: First, it will convince our policy makers address the legal barrier that only they can resolve in order to make the Affordable Care Act truly realizable. Second, it will allay lingering fears among the general public regarding APNs’ competence and reliability as PHC providers. Lastly, it will challenge APNs to continue improving and loving their profession in order to achieve the respect and recognition they long sought for. Deciding on How to Share My Message Being an ordinary nurse, I don’t think that sending a personal letter to President Obama or anyone in the US C ongress will be influential. I believe that using the social media will be the best thing I can do to make my message most influential. I know that I am not the only one who believes that APNs should be given a wider role in the provision of PHC. Other APNs share the same belief as demonstrated by the lobbying of the American Nurses Association (Appleby, 2013). However, if lobbying for this will involve only the nursing profession, this may be perceived as self-serving. It is therefore important to get involved in this fight those who are at the receiving end of the USHCS. The time for this is right, as the recent study by the Association of American Medical Colleges' Center for Workforce Studies reveals that more people, especially the younger ones (aged 18-34 years old), prefer nurse practitioners or physician assistant (Kliff, 2013). Hence, I will appeal to these people to help APNs convince the President and the Congress to once and for all settle this legal barrier for APNs to become PHC providers. I know that the medical community, especially those who are used to the traditional physician-nurse hierarchy will speak against the competence of APNs to do this job. Yet more than this, I still believe that reason supported by empirical evidence will prove that APN-delivered care are actually at par with physician-delivered care in terms of safety and quality (O’Grady, 2008). My Message From this assignment I learned three sad realities. First, transforming the USHCS is truly difficult, because it is marred with vested interests from various stakeholders. Second, commitment and competence of APNs are not enough to ensure the provision of quality healthcare to a broader public due to legal barriers. Lastly, the important role the APNs consistently play in the delivery of safe and quality healthcare remains undervalued and unrecognized within and outside the medical community until today. This is despite the many empirical evidences affirming the equal c ompetence and reliability of APNs and despite their heightened qualifications, training, and experiences. These happen because nurses tend not to get involved

Rawls's Theory of Distributive Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rawls's Theory of Distributive Justice - Essay Example Rawls’s theory has an historical root from social contract tradition that is associated with Thomas John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Traditional social contract theory addresses a state of nature that describes the content of a social contract which is an agreement to enter civil society. Distributive justice deals with the questions of distribution of liberties, wealth, and income (Rawls, 2003) According to Rawls there are two principles that are supposed to govern the basic makeup of a just society are the parties to the original position: an imaginary circumstance which specially constructed by a rational individual. The principles are (a) the principle of equal liberty and social justice where each individual has equal claim to adequate basic rights and liberties. In this system there are equal political liberties with guaranteed fair share. (b) The difference principle: there are social and economic inequalities that are attached to positions which are open to all un der conditions of equal opportunity, and they are to benefit even the least advantaged member in the society (Rawls, 2003). According to this principle, an inequality can benefit the person who gets the smaller share. Inequalities can form incentives which increase the size to shared, so that the smaller piece may be larger in absolute terms. The difference principle deals with strict equality under circumstances where differences in income and other rewards do not affect the incentives of an individual. On the other hand, in the real world currently, greater rewards bring forth greater productive effort, thus increasing the total wealth of the economy and therefore the wealth of the least advantaged (Rawls, 2003). Rawls argues that if the skilled and motivated increase their rewards then the poor will benefit than they would have been through equal allocation of income. He also realizes that redistribution cannot go as far as his moral preference for equality without making everyon e worse off. He argues for inheritance taxes because unregulated transfer of wealth through generation would end up in the accumulation of wealth in given section of society. According to Rawls, individuals who are not lucky enough to have wealthy parents do not have worse starting points than those who were so fortunate. He contends that society should tax the wealthy with the undeserved inherited gain of children of rich persons (Gerald, 1999). According to Rawls such a system of justice will limit the unfair resources and encourage the redistribution which will favor the disadvantaged. For Rawls it is unfair to leave the disadvantaged in no better position than before, even if the inequality does not harm them. In this way he emphasized the distribution type of justice which favored equal distribution of basic commodities like income and wealth. Practically, it implies that in difference principle, the society must distribute wealth up to the extent that the wealth of the most di sadvantaged is improved. In essence the society must tax and reallocate wealth of wealthy individual to the point where their incentive to generate more just fade away. Rawls describes his theory as political because it does not depend on assumptions that are usually unclear to rational citizens in a pluralistic society. He argues that justice require equality as it complies where everyone has fair equal rights and liberties. To Rawls disagreements are resolved on the basis of prior agreement

High School and School Teachers Essay Example for Free

High School and School Teachers Essay Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, [Paul Weeks] says. Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, [Karen Cheser] says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013 Study Explores Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M Stern Content Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, [Paul Weeks] says. Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, [Karen Cheser] says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title. The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013 Study Explores Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M Stern Content Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, [Paul Weeks] says. Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, [Karen Cheser] says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013.

Essay --

Samah Elmeri International Marketing 17 November, 2013 Abercrombie & Fitch Introduction For the purposes of this paper we will be discussing the boycott effects on Abercrombie & Fitch; a U.S based clothing company. At first we will analyse the concept of boycotting international companies to understand the different choices boycotters make when targeting the guilty company. We will look at the history of the company; it’s beginnings, evolution of concept, failures and successes. An important part of this paper will be assessing the main factors and reasons that led to the boycott. We are going to be analysing the effects of the boycott keeping in mind that although the reasons behind the controversial boycott have taken place a couple of years ago, only in 2013 has the boycott been initiated by several different parties involved. To be able to understand what triggered the boycott to begin we are going to try to understand how it all came about to begin with. There are several concerned parties in the boycott and each have their own agenda and reasoning to boyco tt the company. To give a more thorough analysis of the initiators of this particular boycott their relation to one another will be discussed in the paper. Another important part of the boycott is the different types of effects that these boycotters have on the company. We will closely study the reasons, the effects, the affected parties, and the path for damage control and reconciliation chosen by Abercrombie & Fitch as well as its results both the negative and the positive. Finally we will discuss the effectiveness of the boycott on the Abercrombie’s internationalization, market strategy, competitiveness, and market activities. Boycott History of Abercrombie and F... ...escribes Jeffries business savvy skills saying; â€Å"If history is any indication, Jeffries won’t let anyone — â€Å"girlcotting† high school feminists, humourless Asians, angry shareholders, thong-hating parents, lawsuit-happy minorities, nosy journalists, copycat competitors or uptight moralists — get in his way.† Another important issue that was addressed in the Business Report article is the fact that A&F only carries larger sizes in the men’s clothing because athletes are expected to buy A&F clothes however in the women’s clothing lines sizes are smaller and do not carry to larger sized females. â€Å"He doesn’t want larger people shopping in his store, he wants thin and beautiful people,† Lewis said. â€Å"He doesn’t want his core customers to see people who aren’t as hot as them wearing his clothing. People who wear his clothing should feel like they’re one of the ‘cool kids.â€℠¢Ã¢â‚¬ 

Assess the Aftermath and Impact That the First Opium War Had on China

Question: Assess the aftermath and impact that the first Opium War had on China Essay: The First Opium War fought between Britain and China from 1839-1842 was a clash between two vastly different cultures, one struggling to control trade rights, and the other desperate to limit the impact of foreign trade upon the local population. The war changed the way China acted towards its foreign counterparts, exposed the weaknesses of the Chinese feudal system and forcefully opened-up China to the rest of the world. There were severe economic, social and political consequences that the war had on China. Prior to the war China had believed that the Chinese empire was the ‘Heavenly Middle Kingdom’ and superior to all other civilisations. China had very little contact with the West and foreigners were continually looked down upon. Despite strict government regulations, foreign trade with the West in China grew during the late 18th & early 19th century. The West became desperate in trying to balance their thirst of coveted Chinese goods for their own goods but China showed little interest in Western products until 1817 when Britain sold 240 tons of opium into China and when the West found a product which China did not have, opium. Opium smuggling developed rapidly and the trade literally produced a country filled with opium dens and drug addicts. Thus the government decided to do something about this problem and sent Commissioner Lin Zexu to sort things out. However it was Zexu’s actions that eventually started a war in which brought China into a humiliating defeat. The Treaty of Nanking is an official document that marks the conclusion of the First Opium war; it is also considered an unequal treaty by the Chinese. China was ordered to handover Hong Kong, open up five more ports for trade and pay 21 million ounces of silver to Britain. Britain also received fixed tariffs, the ‘most favoured nation’ status and imprisoned British nationals were not to be tried under Chinese law. This treaty caused many problems for China as no restrictions were placed on British merchants who were free trade in China, the opium trade more than doubled in the three decades. As Hong Kong was to be ceded to Britain, it gave the British a base for further military, political and economical penetrations of China. Import duties were lowered from 65% to 5%, effectively traumatizing China's home industries. The treaty also exempted British nationals and any Chinese person who had either dealt with the British, lived with them or were employed by them, from Chinese law. This provided a refuge for Chinese criminals. No sooner had the Chinese emperor made concessions to Britain, he was faced with similar demands from US, French, Belgium, Sweden, Norway and Russian governments. Greatly weakened by war he had no choice but to grant their requests. Seeing China’s weakness, the foreign powers sailed up to impose treaties similar to that of Nanking. By 1860, a massive amount of 6400 tons of opium was being annually imported into China. Western merchants mainly bought silk and tea from China and the export of tea from China increased to 42,000,000 kg in 1855 from only 7,500,000 kg in 1843. The export of silk rose to 56,000 bales in 1855 from a relatively small sum of 2000 bales in 1843. The tea and silk producing regions around the treaty ports expanded and benefited from the foreign trade and resulted in more and more farmers who abandoned the production of food stuffs to produce silk and tea. When Shanghai opened up to foreign trade, the occupation shift for the coolies and boatmen who would transport tea and silk throughout the regions in Canton were now unemployed since the majority of trade moved from Canton to Shanghai. This caused a food price hike and the unemployment rise. As Canton wasn’t the only port open for trade, the inland boatmen who transported goods to Canton from other areas before the war, lost their business. The amount of European goods and opium that flooded china severely strained the economy and provoked an economic crisis which resulted in the shortage of the Spanish silver dollar. The Spanish dollar appreciated so much that Canton abolished it and introduced the Mexican dollar. The monetary disturbances in China was enhanced by the internal monetary crises in China were the Chinese copper cash continued to devalue due to poor management and insufficient supply of copper. The monetary crises devastated the Chinese financial system and caused the loss of morale. With the rush of cheaper Western machine-made products, the home textile industry in China was almost destroyed. For many centuries, clothes were made by hand so this business was heavily impacted by foreign trade. In order to survive, this industry had to decrease the price of their products but, because the production methods remained basically untouched, the cost of production was also unchanged. Therefore the lower price came at the cost of the lower of the living standards of the textile workers. The Opium War almost entirely collapsed China's economy. However, it also forced China's economy to quickly adapt and evolve. The war rushed China's development of capitalism. Even before the war, a market economy was already developing in China's urban areas. The â€Å"invasion† of foreign capitalistic powers enhanced this change. However, the coming of outside influences did not result in the independent development of capitalism in China; rather it turned China into a semi-colonial semi-feudal state. This happened because Chinese industries were exposed too soon to the outside world, being insufficiently prepared and poorly equipped to compete in international or even domestic markets. Western capitalism greatly changed and influenced the Chinese economy as on one hand, the opening of China damaged the basis of China's self-sufficient economy, the urban handicraft and rural homestead industries. But on the other hand, it greatly enhanced the development of China's urban market economy. After China's disastrous defeat in the Opium War, the Chinese realized that they were no longer the â€Å"Heavenly Middle Kingdom†. Having lost at the hands of the â€Å"barbarians†, Chinese intellectuals recognized that in order to deal with the strangers from the West, they must understand the Westerners and the place they came from. Before the Opium War, the Chinese concept of European countries was very vague and in some cases, even ridiculous. After the Opium War, China intellectually discovered the West as Western political ideas, social structures, and in some areas, new technologies were introduced. Western ideas of parliamentary democracy and capitalism were vaguely made known and international alliances became a concept. One of the writers, Wei Yuan, first proposed that in order to fight the West, China must learn from the West. Wei's proposal received many positive responses as it was after all that China lost to the Westerner's â€Å"strong ships and sharp weapons†. So, China for the first time established something on the equivalent of a foreign ministry which was mainly occupied with the study of Western technology, modernization of the Chinese army and the open of modern factories. The first factories opened were for the military, and specialized in the production of modern weapons and ships. The running of these factories did not depend on the profit it made, nor the demands of the market so money making was not a concern. This meant that administration techniques of managing a large commercial enterprise were not yet developed. Even so, seeing that Western enterprises made a profit, the Chinese government began to establish commercial enterprises. Immediately after the Opium War, Western merchants had not yet fully entered the Chinese market. The Manchu government, although short in profits, could still find enough funds to start new industries. The private sector also was quite wealthy. With the collapse of the feudalistic economy and the stimulations by Western capitalism, it was willing to invest in modern enterprises. At the same time, Western companies absorbed some Chinese capital. It could be said that shortly after the Opium War, Chinese capitalism had a good chance to develop. The Opium War exposed the weaknesses of the Chinese feudal system. The cost of the war and later the compensation all fell onto the shoulders of the farmers and civilians. The Manchu government could no longer protect, and govern its people and as China's economy collapsed, poverty was wide spread, and insurrection sprang up all over the country. The Manchu government showed its weaknesses when it signed the Treaty of Nanjing without using all possible methods of resistance. The Opium War helped to discredit the Manchu government and encouraged popular movements. For many Chinese, the Treaty of Nanking was a signal that the Manchu dynasty was at its end – humiliated, weak and corrupt. A republican movement ran across the political landscape, stimulating nearly fifteen years of civil war. Seeing the social chaos and the weakening of the Manchu dynasty, Chinese intellectuals sought to make China strong. Unlike the government, the intellectuals believed that adapting Western technologies and industries was not enough and that China must undergo political changes as well. Chinese intellectuals began to study Western countries and at the same time, the Chinese government imported Western technologies and industries. They, like the officials, believed that the government should allow and protect the growth of capitalism and that the army must be modernized to fight Westerners on the battlefields. But most importantly, private enterprises should be formed without government interventions and companies must be created to compete in the market place. The intellectuals also proposed a parliamentary system as a new, more democratic political system. This proposal was the first attempt of private citizens to get involved in the government. The Opium war created an entire new level of crime and disorder in Southeast China. The British navy drove away the pirates along the coast and up into the Kwangtung-Kwangsi highlands. There, the pirates would periodically raid plentiful villages up the river. To add to this, former militiamen used their weapons for banditry. The Opium War had led the people of China to witness the destruction of their military and navy by the strongest military force at the time. It led to a greater understanding and appreciation for West, despite their hatred for it. This led many people to consider and try to understand Western doctrines and beliefs. Also some British missionaries, who had knowledge of China and the language, played in the embarrassment of the country to which they had come perceived with no object other than to preach Christianity. Thus for the first time instances of foreign religion was seen. The Opium War was also one of the many factors that led on the famous Taiping Rebellion. Directly after the war feuds between the Punti and Hakkas clans rose. The Hakka people were Chinese that came from the north and had immigrated to southern China. They were treated as ethnic minorities by the Punti’s who were the Cantonese natives. This led to competition between the two in farming and economy. In the 1850’s the feuds and wars between these two clans resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives. The dislike towards the Hakkas eventually led them into following the Taiping Rebellion’s leader Hung Hsiu-chuan. Hung Hisu-chuan was the revolutionary leader who incorporated the Western ideals and beliefs of Christianity with classical Chinese themes. He believed himself to be the younger brother of Christ, and was sent on a mission to return Christianity to China. This belief was soon adopted by thousands of Hakkas alike, because of the loss of faith in the Ch’ing dynasty partially due to the defeat in the Opium War, it’s social and economic effects afterwards and the silver & copper crisis. The movement to change and restore China with Christianity finally resulted in the Taiping rebellion against the Ch’ing dynasty. The Taiping rebellion lasted from 1851 to 1864, causing the loss of millions of lives. The Ch’ing dynasty’s power was questionable during this time because the rebellion lasted so many years. Finally, the Ch’ing dynasty managed to organize an new army to overthrow the Taipings. This new army and organizations was aided by Western countries who wanted the Ch’ing dynasty to continue. If the Ch’ing dynasty was overthrown it would end the unequal treaties with between China and the West. The Opium War resulted in the dramatic changes in China economically, socially and politically. It no doubt opened China's doors to the outside world while changing China’s view and relationship with the Western world incredibly. The war shattered the idea that China was the ‘Heavenly Middle Kingdom’ as well as breaking China’s false sense of superiority over other nations. It resulted in a major change in the economy and the social relationship between the people of China and because of the Opium War, China was left with internal struggles and warfare, increased crime, an economy downfall in Canton and people without work or money. The Opium War led to the major influence of the Western cultures and belief in China, and the loss of power and control China had over Western nations. The unfair treaties that were created left China in weak position to the West, and opened China to Western influence which is still observed to this date. Bibliography: China, Opium Wars to Revolution by Michael Gibson. Wayland publishers, 1975 From Opium War to Liberation by Israel Epstein. New World Press, Beijing, 1956 The Chinese Opium Wars. by Jack Beeching. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975 The Inner Opium War by James Polachek M. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1992 The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes by Arthur Waley. George Allen and Unwin Ltd. , 1958 The Treaty of Nanking, signed on the 29th of August, 1842